Simulating non-axisymmetric flows in disc galaxies

We present a two-step method to simulate and study non-circular motions in strongly barred galaxies. The first step is to constrain the initial parameters using a Bayesian analysis of each galaxy's azimuthally averaged rotation curve, the 3.6 $\rm \mu m$ surface brightness, and the gas surface density. The second step is to generate equilibrium models using the GalactICS code and evolve them via GADGET-2. The bar strengths and mock velocity maps of the resulting snapshots are compared to observations in order to determine the best representation of the galaxy. We test our method on the unbarred galaxy NGC 3621 and the barred galaxies NGC 1300 and NGC 1530. NGC 3621 provides a validation of our method of generating initial conditions. NGC 1530 has an intermediate bar orientation that allows for a comparison to DiskFit. Finally NGC 1300 has a bar oriented parallel to the galaxy's major axis, where other algorithms tend to fail. Our models for NGC 3621 and NGC 1530 are comparable to those obtained using commonly available algorithms. Moreover, we have produced one of the first mass distribution models for NGC 1300.Comment: 19 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in A&

Synthesis of deuterium and C-13-labelled ethyl glycolate and their subsequent use in the synthesis of labelled analogues of the DNA adduct O6-carboxymethyl-2′-deoxyguanosine

The adduct O6-carboxymethyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (O6CMdG) is of importance as it has been previously linked to high red meat diet in humans, and as yet, a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method has not been developed due to lack of appropriate standards. The synthesis of the deuterated and C-13 analogues required the use of [2H2]- and [13C2]ethyl glycolate to label the carboxymethyl moiety of O6CMdG. [2H2]Ethyl glycolate was synthesised via acid hydrolysis of ethyl diazoacetate using deuterated solvents (59% yield), whilst [13C2]ethyl glycolate was synthesised from [13C2]glycine in a three-step procedure (35% yield). The labelled ethyl glycolates were then used to synthesise [2H2]- and [13C2]O6CMdG for future use as internal standards in the LC-MS analysis of biological samples. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

The Effect of n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid on Blood Levels of Malondialdehyde-Deoxyguanosine Adducts In Human Subjects

The role of n-6 polyunsaturated fats upon the formation of the mutagenic DNA adduct malondialdehydedeoxyguanosine (M1dG) in blood was investigated in male volunteers (n = 13) who consumed diets high in saturated and polyunsaturated fats, and polyunsaturated fat plus a-tocopherol supplemention (400 IU per day). On day 14 there was a significant difference in adduct levels between diets with saturated fats giving higher levels than polyunsaturated fats but this effect had disappeared by day 20 indicating that there is a relatively rapid adjustment to the effects on DNA damage of changes in dietary fat. a-Tocopherol showed a small benefit by day 20. Five females participated in the PUFA study and had higher mean adduct levels than men but there was no correlation with hormonal status. Overall, PUFA had a limited beneficial effect on M1dG levels that warrants further investigation