Ανοσοϊστοχημική μελέτη του ρόλου της απόπτωσης κατά τη διαφοροποίηση της τροφοβλάστης σε φυσιολογικές και παθολογικές κυήσεις

Τίτλος: Ανοσοϊστοχημική μελέτη κι αξιολόγηση του ρόλου της απόπτωσης κατά τη διαφοροποίηση τη τροφοβλάστης σε φυσιολογικές και παθολογικές κυήσεις. Σκοπός: Το παρόν εκπόνημα σκοπό είχε την ανάδειξη του ρόλου του αποπτωτικού μηχανισμού στη διαφοροποίση της τροφοβλάστης μέσα από τη συγκριτική μελέτη ιστών από φυσιολογικές και παθολογικές κυήσεις. Υλικό και Μέθοδοι: Με τη μέθοδο της ανοσοϊστοχημείας μελετήθηκαν συνολικά 72 δείγματα τροφοβλαστικού ιστού, εκ των οποίων 42 προέρχονταν από αυτόματες αποβολές πρώτου τριμήνου και τα υπόλοιπα 30 από ηθελημένες διακοπές στο ίδιο τρίμηνο κύησης. Για τη μελέτη της απόπτωσης χρησιμοποιήθηκαν η τεχνική TUNEL κι ο δείκτης Μ30. Αποτελέσματα: Από τα αποτελέσματα που προέκυψαν αναδείχθηκε έντονη αποπτωτική έκφραση και για τους δυο δείκτες στους ιστούς που προέρχονταν από αυτόματες αποβολές, έναντι των φυσιολογικών. Επιπλέον, η στατιστική ανάλυση ανάδειξε αξιόλογη διαφορά στο μέσο όρο ηλικίας και στον αριθμό του τόκου στις γυναίκες με αυτόματες αποβολές έναντι των μαρτύρων. Συμπέρασμα: Αν και η απόπτωση αποτελεί βασικό μηχανισμό στην ομαλή ανάπτυξη της τροφοβλάστης και συνεπώς της κύησης, φαίνεται πως η έντονη αποπτωτική δραστηριότητα εμπλέκεται άμεσα στις αυτόματες αποβολές.Title: Immunohistochemical study and evaluation of apoptosis’ role during trophoblast differentiation in normal and abnormal pregnancies. Objective: The purpose of this study was to highlight the role of the apoptotic mechanism in trophoblastic differentiation through the comparative study of tissues from normal and abnormal pregnancies. Material and Methods: A total of 72 trophoblastic tissue samples were immunohistochemically studied, of which 42 were derived from first trimester spontaneous abortions and the other 30 from elective terminations in the same trimester of pregnancy. For the study of apoptosis, the TUNEL technique and the M30 index were used. Results: From the obtained results there was a pronounced apoptotic expression for both markers in tissues derived from spontaneous miscarriages compared to normal. In addition, the statistical analysis revealed a remarkable difference in the average age and in the number of parous in women with abortions against the control group. Conclusion: Although apoptosis is a key mechanism for the normal trophoblastic development and consequently of the whole gestation, it appears that severe apoptotic activity is clearly involved in spontaneous abortions

Causes of Visiting Teenagers in the Pediatric and Adolescence Examining Room

Adolescence is the transitional period between childhood and adulthood. Depending on female gonads’ function and on hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis activation, results in teenager’s body growth, in secondary sex characteristics’ development and finally in their reproductive potential. In adolescence, the negative feedback of gonadal steroids on gonadotropins is disturbed. Teenagers presenting with dysfunctional bleedings are usually suspected of hemorrhagic ovarian cysts or endometriosis and require gynecologic examination, evaluation, and hormone therapy. It is of great importance both for teenagers and their parents to understand that hormone therapy is the first line treatment for bleeding disorders in these ages. A detailed medical history is necessary to determine the appropriate treatment plan. Primary care includes the detection of adolescents with acute or chronic pelvic pain that may be associated with endometriosis or other pathologies like mullerian duct abnormalities, imperforate hymen, ovarian teratomas, ovarian torsion, and vaginal absence or atresia. Mullerian duct abnormalities are associated with increased rates of unexplained infertility, spontaneous abortions, and pathological conditions of pregnancy. Specialists, should help teenagers in getting familiar to their bodies, to their sexuality, inform them about the sexually transmitted diseases, and safety options including vaccination and guide them in contraception issues

Increased apoptotic activity on inflammatory human placentas in spontaneous abortions during the first and second trimester of gestation: a histochemical and immunohistochemical study

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of apoptotic markers on inflammatory human placentas from spontaneous abortions during the first and second trimester of gestation and compare them to those without inflammation. Paraffin-embedded specimens from 76 placentas were investigated by conventional histology and immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against M30, Caspase 3, Caspase 8 and Caspase 9, as well as the terminal deoxynucleotidyl tranferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling method. A higher prevalence of expression of apoptotic markers (94.4%) was observed in placentas associated with chorioamnionitis in comparison with those without inflammation. Our observations confirm that apoptosis is strikingly prevalent in placentas diagnosed with histologic chorioamnionitis, while the inflammation induces cell death

Addressing Spaceflight Biology through the Lens of a Histologist–Embryologist

Embryogenesis and fetal development are highly delicate and error-prone processes in their core physiology, let alone if stress-associated factors and conditions are involved. Space radiation and altered gravity are factors that could radically affect fertility and pregnancy and compromise a physiological organogenesis. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of information examining the effects of cosmic exposures on reproductive and proliferating outcomes with regard to mammalian embryonic development. However, explicit attention has been given to investigations exploring discrete structures and neural networks such as the vestibular system, an entity that is viewed as the sixth sense and organically controls gravity beginning with the prenatal period. The role of the gut microbiome, a newly acknowledged field of research in the space community, is also being challenged to be added in forthcoming experimental protocols. This review discusses the data that have surfaced from simulations or actual space expeditions and addresses developmental adaptations at the histological level induced by an extraterrestrial milieu

Differential apoptotic activity in trophoblast of spontaneous abortions and normal pregnancies

Introduction. Apoptosis is a key process during normal trophoblastic development and, consequently, the whole gestation. However, in trophoblastic differentiation in spontaneous abortions apoptosis has been hardly investigated. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between apoptotic frequency in trophoblast and spontaneous abortion incidences. Material and methods. A total of 72 trophoblastic tissue samples were immunohistochemically examined. 42 of 72 derived from first-trimester spontaneous abortions and the remaining 30 from elective terminations during the same trimester of pregnancy. TUNEL assay and M30 marker were used for apoptosis evaluation by immunohistochemistry. Results. Comparative study of tissues from spontaneous abortions and elective pregnancy terminations demonstrated increased expression of both apoptotic markers in tissues derived from spontaneous abortions compared to normal pregnancies. In addition, statistical analysis correlated maternal age and gravidity with increased spontaneous abortion incidences. Moreover, both M30 and TUNEL staining were significantly correlated with maternal age and primigravidity in spontaneous abortion cases. Conclusions. Our data proved that elevated apoptotic activity during the first pregnancy trimester is clearly involved in spontaneous abortions. Moreover, two well-established apoptotic markers revealed high statistical significance in the evaluation of post-abortive tissues

Differential apoptotic activity in trophoblast of spontaneous abortions and normal pregnancies.

INTRODUCTION: . Apoptosis is a key process during normal trophoblastic development and, consequently, the whole gestation. However, in trophoblastic differentiation in spontaneous abortions apoptosis has been hardly investigated. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between apoptotic frequency in trophoblast and spontaneous abortion incidences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 72 trophoblastic tissue samples were immunohistochemically examined. 42 of 72 derived from first-trimester spontaneous abortions and the remaining 30 from elective terminations during the same trimester of pregnancy. TUNEL assay and M30 marker were used for apoptosis evaluation by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Comparative study of tissues from spontaneous abortions and elective pregnancy terminations demonstrated increased expression of both apoptotic markers in tissues derived from spontaneous abortions compared to normal pregnancies. In addition, statistical analysis correlated maternal age and gravidity with increased spontaneous abortion incidences. Moreover, both M30 and TUNEL staining were significantly correlated with maternal age and primigravidity in spontaneous abortion cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our data proved that elevated apoptotic activity during the first pregnancy trimester is clearly involved in spontaneous abortions. Moreover, two well-established apoptotic markers revealed high statistical significance in the evaluation of post-abortive tissues

Increased apoptotic activity on inflammatory human placentas in spontaneous abortions during the first and second trimester of gestation: A histochemical and immunohistochemical study

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of apoptotic markers on inflammatory human placentas from spontaneous abortions during the first and second trimester of gestation and compare them to those without inflammation. Paraffin-embedded specimens from 76 placentas were investigated by conventional histology and immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against M30, Caspase 3, Caspase 8 and Caspase 9, as well as the terminal deoxynucleotidyl tranferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling method. A higher prevalence of expression of apoptotic markers (94.4%) was observed in placentas associated with chorioamnionitis in comparison with those without inflammation. Our observations confirm that apoptosis is strikingly prevalent in placentas diagnosed with histologic chorioamnionitis, while the inflammation induces cell death. © Polish Society for Histochemistry and Cytochemistry