The work conditions of allied health professionals : the impact on satisfaction, commitment and psychological distress

The present study investigated the extent to which the Demand-Control-Support (DCS) model, in combination with organizational justice variables, predicts the employee-level outcomes of allied health professionals\u27. Allied health professionals from an Australian healthcare organization were surveyed, with 113 participating (52,6%). Multiple regression analyses revealed that the DCS model predicted all the outcome variables of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and psychological distress. Conversely, significant contributions of the organizational justice variables were limited to organizational commitment and psychological distress. The results of the study provide practical implications for the job conditions of allied health professionals, in particular, the delivery of support and maintaining high levels of justice.<br /

Child weight status: Relationships with mother-child mealtime interactions and child eating behaviours

This doctoral thesis highlighted how mother-child interactions surrounding responsiveness, affect, maternal control and child compliance may be influential to children&rsquo;s self-regulatory behaviours around food and eating, in turn impacting their weight. Support was found for the potential role of such interactions as risk factors in childhood overweight and obesity

A narrative of the life of Mrs. Charlotte Charke ve onsekizinci yüzyıl İngiliz toplumu

This thesis seeks to display the struggles of the women of eighteenth century England to have a profession, a self and a life of their own. Charlotte Charke’s autobiography portrays these problems in ways which are on the one hand very contemporary (depicting the psychology and the socio-cultural and economic concerns of its writer), on the other very traditional and dated since it follows the eighteenth century male autobiographical writing practices, reflecting the artistic, religious, class and sexual biases of its age. Accordingly, the thesis first discusses the important aspects of autobiographical writing. It is followed by a brief panorama of the autobiographical practices from its origins till the eighteenth century. Then, it seeks to examine the ways in which the socio-cultural events of mid-eighteenth century have changed Charke’s life and contributed to her self-fashioning and the self we find in her autobiography. The changes that are mentioned and discussed are: a redefinition of the middle class and middle class consciousness, the value given to arts and letters, the decline of royal patronage, how bookseller-publishers replace the aristocracy in financing literary productions, the way women are perceived in eighteenth century English society, the split between the public and private spheres, and the rising levels of literacy and its effects on the education of women. By giving such a lengthy discussion of the eighteenth century English society, the thesis hopes to highlight the significance of Charlotte Charke’s autobiography in displaying the struggles of the women of her society to have a respectable self and a profession through which they can survive.Bu tezde, on sekizinci yüzyıl İngiltere’sinde kadınların kendilerine özgü bir kimlik, bir meslek ve bir yaşam elde etme çabaları mercek altına alınmaktadır. Charlotte Charke’nin otobiyografisi özelinde incelendiğinde, kadının karşı karşıya kaldığı sorunlar, bir yanda son derece güncel - ki yazarın psikolojik, sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik kaygıları dile getirilmektedir - öte yanda ise geleneksel ve yazıldığı dönemin damgasını taşıyan bir biçimde gözler önüne serilmektedir, çünkü Charlotte Charke’nin metni on sekizinci yüzyıl erkek otobiyografi yazarları geleneğinin bir uzantısı olup, döneminin sanatsal, dinsel, sınıfsal ve cinsel önyargılarını taşımaktadır. Bu çerçevede, tezin giriş kısmında bir yazın türü olarak otobiyografinin önemli yönleri irdelenmekte, ardından ise otobiyografinin ilk ortaya çıkışından, on sekizinci yüzyıla kadar verilen örnekler kısaca özetlenerek, kadınların ve erkeklerin yazdıkları otobiyografik metinlerin farklarına dikkat çekilmektedir. Tezin gelişme bölümünde ise, on sekizinci yüzyıl İngiltere’sinde meydana gelen yapısal sosyo-kültürel değişiklikler ve bu değişimlerin söz konusu metinde yapılandırıldığını gözlemlediğimiz kadın kimliğini nasıl etkilediği incelenmektedir. Bu bağlamda sözü edilen ve tartışılan yapısal değişiklikler: orta sınıfın ve kendine özgü bir orta sınıf bilincinin oluşumu, sanat ve edebiyata atfedilen değer, kraliyetin yazarlara verdiği desteği geri çekmesi ve bu boşluğu gideren hem kitapçılık, hem yayıncılıkla uğraşan yeni bir sınıfın ortaya çıkması, on sekizinci yüzyıl İngiltere’sinde değişen kadın algısı, özel ve kamusal alanların birbirinden ayrılması, artan okuma yazma oranları ve bunun kadınlara sağlanan eğitim olanakları üzerindeki etkisi olarak özetlenebilir. Bu tezde on sekizinci yüzyıl İngiliz toplumunun detaylı biçimde analizini yapmakla amaçlanan, Charlotte Charke’nin otobiyografisinin, yaşadığı toplumda kadının saygın bir kimlik ve bir meslek edinmek için göğüs gerdiği güçlükleri sergilemekteki başarısının altını çizmektir

Biochimica et biophysica acta / Gene structure and expression : BBA

Psychological consequences of bullying for hospital and aged care nurses. International Nursing Review Aim: This study examines the psychological consequences of workplace bullying by negative affectivity (NA) and demographics for hospital and aged care nurses. Introduction/Background: Nurses are particularly vulnerable to workplace bullying, with suggestions that oppressed group behaviours may play a role. Bullying is a potent stressor that can negatively impact psychological well-being, which, with NA and demographics, may be important in understanding the consequences of nurse bullying. Such factors are yet to be examined together across different nursing contexts. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted across hospital and aged care nurses working within a medium to large Australian healthcare organization in October 2009. The sample comprised 233 (29.1%) hospital and 208 (43.8%) aged care nurses. Analyses of covariance were used to evaluate the data. Results: For hospital nurses, psychological distress was noted as an impact of bullying, while depression was the impact for aged care nurses. Full-time aged care nurses reporting bullying had higher psychological distress scores, compared with part-time workers in the same area. NA was a significant covariate across both outcomes in both contexts. Discussion/Conclusion: This study demonstrates that bullying has detrimental consequences for the mental health of nurses in both hospital and aged care contexts. The results support the suggestion that nurses are an oppressed group at high risk of bullying, confirm the intrinsic nature of NA to the bullying process, and highlight the importance of employment type for aged care nurses. Given the shortage of nurses, managers need to give higher priority to addressing workplace bullying and implementing zero tolerance policies

ISRN pharmacology

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the social-situational (ie, Job Demands-Resource model) and individual (ie, negative affectivity) factors that might be associated with violence among nurses caring for the elderly (aged care nurses). BACKGROUND: Workplace violence is recognized as a serious issue among nurses. Effective intervention and prevention require an understanding of antecedent factors. METHODS: Nurses working in elderly care facilities across an Australian healthcare organization participated in a cross-sectional survey. RESULTS: Job demands were associated with all of the externally sourced types of violence. Low job control was linked with external emotional abuse and physical assault. Outside work support was related to external physical assault and verbal sexual harassment. Finally, high negative affectivity was linked to internal and external emotional abuse and threat of assault. CONCLUSIONS: Both the Job Demands-Resource model and negative affectivity were useful in identifying relationships with violence, supporting suggestions that situational and individual factors are associated with violence among nurses who care for the elderly

The blurring of attractive work practices across health care sectors

Magnet-style characteristics are considered important to the recruitment and retention of nurses. Little is known about nurses' perceptions of these characteristics across public, private, and third sector health care organizations. The primary aim of this paper is to examine these characteristics across sectors to determine whether differences in key Magnet-style characteristics exist. Given the employee-level focus, demographic factors were also considered. Australian nurses (n = 459) were recruited using an online panel. No differences between sectors on work environment dimensions were found. Gender, age, employment type, and tenure revealed significant relationships with various work characteristics. Similarities in the work perceptions across sectors implies no specific sector will be differentially impacted by the increasing nurse shortages. An increasing emphasis on contemporary work environments will increase the presence of Magnet-like characteristics irrespective of sector. These results highlight the potential of practice permeability occurring, particularly in a system with common policy and operational drivers

Bulletin de méthodologie sociologique : = BMS

Aims: To assess the antecedents of workplace aggression (bullying and violence) among nurses and administration staff. Background: As a result of power structures within the healthcare industry, nurses and administration staff may be more vulnerable to workplace aggression. Environmental and individual characteristics have been linked to the occurrence of such aggression among other groups. However, most research focuses on bullying, rarely extending these ideas to violence or nurses and administration staff specifically. Methods: Surveys were distributed to nurses and administration staff employed by an Australian healthcare organisation. Aggression types (bullying and violence), as well as environmental (demands, control and support) and individual (negative affectivity, NA) characteristics were measured. Results: External emotional abuse was most frequently reported for nurses (29%) and bullying for administration staff (27%). Demands, support and NA were associated with different aggression types in nurses, whereas for administration staff, control, support and NA were linked. Conclusion(s): Low support and high NA are particularly important to nurses and administration staff and their experiences of aggression. Implications for Nursing Management: Appropriate training for managers in providing support and acknowledging individual factors associated with aggression is essential. Further, managers should monitor aggression risk from patients and their associations towards staff in busy times

Occupational power differentiates employee impacts under continuing change

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether occupational social contexts differentiate the processing of changes in the employment relationship, as represented by the psychological contract. Specifically, this study investigates the impact of the psychological contract and justice, with negative affectivity (NA), on medical practitioners or administrative staff in healthcare. Design/methodology/approach - Samples of 54 medical practitioners (30 percent) and 122 administrative staff (59 percent), primarily providing public services, responded to a cross-sectional survey. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analyses. Findings - Among medical staff, psychological contract obligations were associated with lower commitment and psychological distress, whereas fulfillment was associated with higher commitment and job satisfaction, yet higher distress. Distributive justice was associated with lower distress, and NA was associated with higher distress. Among administration staff, fulfillment was associated with commitment and job satisfaction, and NA was associated with lower job satisfaction and higher distress. Essentially, reforms are likely to have more impact on less powerful occupations. Practical implications - Psychological contract fulfillment is a key predictor of hospital employees' commitment and satisfaction, placing clinicians, particularly, under pressure. To retain employees, hospitals must keep their promises. Further, occupational power activates the role of obligations, with practitioners having negative outcomes and holding the organization to account until the obligations are fulfilled. Originality/value - This study highlights the differential nature of the psychological contract among healthcare employee groups, with differences depending on occupational power