The rationality of using DNA diagnostics in sports cardiology

NGS is becoming an integral part of medical practice, including in cardiology. The role of genes in the formation of diseases of the cardiovascular system has been actively studied for the last 20 years. Currently, heart diseases with a hereditary component are usually divided into two large groups: monogenic syndromes that lead to an unfavorable outcome, including sudden cardiac death at a young age, and polygenic conditions that manifest after 35 years and are accompanied by deterioration in the quality of life. In professional sports, changes in the myocardium are almost inevitable, however, the first phenotypic signs of hereditary myocardial disease may be hidden behind adaptive changes, which are commonly called “athlete’s heart”. The carriage of causative genes radically changes the approach to the management of an athlete: his admission to training and competitive activities is reviewed, the volume of permissible load and the frequency of visits to a cardiologist are discussed. In this paper, we tried to identify clinical markers — «red flags» that would indicate the need for genetic testing on the example of athletes who underwent an in-depth medical examination in 2021–2022

Non-natural nucleosides based on 1,2,4-triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-4(6H)- ones

Two regioselective methods for the synthesis of nucleosides in the series of 3-phenyl- and 3- ethoxycarbonyl-1,2,4-triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-4-ones were developed. The first route involves a Vorbrüggen glycosylation reaction. The second one is based on condensation of 1,2,4- triazolo[5,1-c][1,2, 4]triazin-4-one sodium salts with protected 1-bromo-sugar derivatives

A Numerical Model of an Electrostatic Precipitator

This paper presents a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model for a wire-plate electrostatic precipitator (ESP). The turbulent gas flow and the particle motion under electrostatic forces are modelled using the CFD code FLUENT. Numerical calculations for the gas flow are carried out by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and turbulence is modelled using the k-ε turbulence model. An additional source term is added to the gas flow equation to capture the effect of electric field. This additional source term is obtained by solving a coupled system of the electric field and charge transport equations. The particle phase is simulated by using Discrete Phase Model (DPM). The results of the simulation are presented showing the particle trajectory inside the ESP under the influence of both aerodynamic and electrostatic forces. The simulated results have been validated by the established data. The model developed is useful to gain insight into the particle collection phenomena that takes place inside an industrial ESP

Synthesis of acyclic nucleoside analogues by one-step Vorbrüggen glyco-sylation of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ones

New analogues of acyclovir have been prepared by reacting 1,2,4 -triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ones 1а-i and (2-acetoxyethoxy)methyl acetate 2 in the presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate as a catalyst. The interaction between the compounds 1а-е and 2 has led to a mixture of N3 and N4 isomers. In contrast, the reaction of compounds 1g-i and 2 proceeded selectively to form N3 isomers. In the case of compounds 1a-c the predominant product is the one with the acyclic moiety in azine ring (N4 isomer). Interaction between 1d-f and 2 has led to mixtures comprising mainly N3 isomer. It has been found that the ratio of glycosylation products 1 and 2 are thermodynamically controlled. The structure of the obtained compounds has been proved by 1Н, 13С, two-dimensional 1Н-13С NMR spectroscopy and X-ray analysis

Estimate of rock mass stability in surface-borehole mining of high-grade iron ore

Under consideration is the estimate of rock mass stability around underground openings generated as a result of hydraulic borehole mining of iron ore. The authors use analytical solutions of two plane elasticity problems on stress state of infinite media with the zone of weakening in the form of one or two circular holes, given initial stresses are set in the study domain

Approaches to the classification of sports disciplines, taking into account their influence on the biochemical profile of an athlete

There are many classifications of sports disciplines, which base on various approaches, which separately take into account the patterns of training activity, physiology, the risk of collision and injury, etc. In our opinion, it most fully reflects the specifics of sports changes that occur in the body of athletes under the influence of intense physical activity, at the level of biochemical processes. The classification of sports disciplines proposed by us takes into account the influence of the nature of the training process, the specifics of sports loads, the leading type of energy supply of sports work on the biochemical profile of an athlete, which makes it possible to identify the key features that occur in the body of an athlete under the influence of a specific load

Pre- and posttranscriptional genetic information modification in muscular dystrophy treatment

Nowadays, a whole range of genetherapeutic methods is being used to restore a lost protein function due to mutation, a big number of preclinical and clinical studies of potential drugs that may allow to implement an etiotropic approach is being performed. One of the most prevalent and socially significant groups of genetic pathologies is musculardystrophy, including such diseases as Duchenne muscular dystrophy and dysfelinopathy. Despite a large number ofstudies in this field, there is no effective method of gene therapy for these diseases yet. This work is intended to review main genetherapeutic methods in myodystrophy treatment, especially pre- and posttranscriptional genetic (biosynthetic) information modification, and analyze most optimal of them

Influence of various parameters on the vegetable raw material pelleting process and pellets quality (review)

Determining the regularities of the process of pelleting vegetable raw materials is relevant for the improvement of technologies and technical equipment in order to reduce energy intensity and improve the quality of pellets. The generalization of the results of the research aimed at studying the influence of various parameters on the process of pelleting vegetable raw materials and the quality of feed and biofuel pellets is the purpose of the research. A selection and systematic review of the scientific literature on the subject of the study for the period of 2007-2022 has been carried out. The analysis has proved that heat pre-treatment and moistening of vegetable raw materials, as well as their composition and particle size are the factors that have the greatest impact on the quality of feed and biofuel pellets. Increasing the pressure in the range of 20...200 MPa results in increasing the pellets durability. A die temperature of around 100°C is optimum for obtaining dense pellets of highquality from vegetable raw materials. The design parameters of the pelletizer play an important role in obtaining high-quality pellets when processing vegetable raw materials. The design of the inlet in the form of a tapering cone helps to reduce energy consumption and pelleting pressure. An increase in the ratio of the die channel length to its diameter exponentially increases the pelleting pressure and its energy intensity. The interplay between the physical processes occurring in the pelletizer makes it difficult to interpret the impact of each parameter on the pelleting process, so different authors have different assessments of the contribution of individual factors in producing high-quality pellets. Therefore, the interaction between the individual pelleting parameters and their influence on the results of the process should be examined more precisely

THERAPEUTIC EQUIVALENCE OF ORIGINAL CLOPIDOGREL (PLAVIX) AND ITS GENERIC (EGITROMB). RESULTS OF COMPARATIVE RANDOMIZED CROSS-OVER BLIND STUDY

Aim. To study therapeutic equivalence (efficacy, safety and tolerability) of original clopidogrel (Plavix) and its generic (Egitromb) in patients of high cardiovascular risk. Material and methods. Thirty one patients with coronary heart disease and indications for clopidogrel therapy were involved into the randomized cross-over blind study. Half of the patients received original clopidogrel (75 mg daily) during the first 2 weeks and then they received generic clopidogrel in the same dose during next 2 weeks. Another half of the patients received the drugs in reverse order. Antiplatelet activity of Plavix and Egitromb was estimated by effects on ADP-induced platelet aggregation initially and after 2 weeks of treatment with each drug. Study blinding was provided by the following approach: doctors of cardiology clinic performed clinical monitoring and drug distribution; coded blood samples for platelet aggregation assessment were studied in independent laboratory of thrombosis; statistical data analysis was performed by biostatistics expert in other research center. Results. 2-week therapy with each drug led to a significant decrease of ADP-induced platelet aggregation which remained low after switching from original drug to generic and vice versa. Aggregation dynamics did not depend on the first administered drug. There were no significant differences between aggregation changes as a result of treatment with original or generic drug. No one adverse event was observed in association with both drugs therapy. Conclusion. Generic drug Egitromb (Egis, Hungary) and original clopidogrel Plavix (Sanofi-Aventis, France) have equivalent antiplatelet effect

Long-range 1H-15N J couplings providing a method for direct studies of the structure and azide-tetrazole equilibrium in a series of azido-1,2,4-triazines and azidopyrimidines

The selectively 15N labeled azido-1,2,4-triazine 2*A and azidopyrimidine 4*A were synthesized by treating hydrazinoazines with 15N-labeled nitrous acid. The synthesized compounds were studied by 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR spectroscopy in DMSO, TFA, and DMSO/TFA solutions, where the azide-tetrazole equilibrium could lead to the formation of two tetrazoles (T, T′) and one azide (A) isomer for each compound. The incorporation of the 15N label led to the appearance of long-range 1H-15N coupling constants (JHN), which can be measured easily by using amplitude-modulated 1D 1H spin-echo experiments with selective inversion of the 15N nuclei. The observed JHN patterns enable the unambiguous determination of the mode of fusion between the azole and azine rings in the two groups of tetrazole isomers (2*T′, 4*T′ and 2*T, 4*T), even for minor isoforms with a low concentration in solution. However, the azide isomers (2*A and 4*A) are characterized by the absence of detectable J HN coupling. The analysis of the JHN couplings in 15N-labeled compounds provides a simple and efficient method for direct NMR studies of the azide-tetrazole equilibrium in solution. © 2013 American Chemical Society