Terminal bifurcation and unusual communication of left testicular vein with the left suprarenal vein

Abstract Variations of the testicular veins are relevant in clinical cases of varicocele and in other therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. We report herein on a unique variation of the left testicular vein observed in an adult male cadaver. The left testicular vein bifurcated to give rise to left and right branches which terminated by joining the left renal vein. There was also an oblique communication between the two branches of the left testicular vein. A slender communicating vein arose from the left branch of the left testicular vein and ascended upwards in front of the left renal vein and terminated into the left suprarenal vein. The right branch of the testicular vein received an unnamed adipose tributary from the side of the abdominal aorta. Awareness of these venous anomalies can help surgeons accurately ligate abnormal venous communications and avoid iatrogenic injuries and it is important for proper surgical management

Absence of the celiac trunk and trifurcation of the common hepatic artery: a case report

Abstract Anatomical variations of the celiac trunk and its branches are particularly important from a surgical perspective due to their relationships with surrounding structures. We report here a particularly rare variant involving absence of the celiac trunk in association with trifurcation of the common hepatic artery. These variations were found in an adult male cadaver. We perform a review of the literature and discuss the clinical and embryological significance of these variations. Recognition of celiac trunk and hepatic artery variations is of utmost importance to surgeons and radiologists because multiple variations can lead to undue complications

Sternocleiodomastoid Muscle with Five Fleshy Bellies and Thirteen Heads of Origin

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) is the main landmark muscle of the neck. Knowledge of variations of this muscle is very important for radiologist, surgeons, chiropractitioners, plastic surgeons and clinicians in general. We report a unique unilateral variation of SCM observed in an adult male cadaver. The clavicular head of right SCM had four fleshy bellies (B1, B2, B3 and B4). The most medial belly (B1) had three tendons of origin; the next belly just lateral to it (B2) had three tendons of origin; third belly (B4) had four tendons of origin and the lateral most belly (B4) had two tendons of origin. Thus, including the tendon of sternal head, in total, the right SCM had thirteen heads of origin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on a thirteen headed sternocleidomastoid muscle. We review the literature and discuss the clinical importance of the variation in this report

Y-shaped axillary arch muscle: A case report

The axillary arch is a rudimentary part of the latissimus dorsi. Generally it has a single insertion either into tendon of the pectoralis major, coracobrachialis or fascia over the biceps. Clinically, this anomalous muscular slip is known to cause neurovascular compression of nearby structures. The present case reports an unusual bifurcated fibrous insertion of an axillary arch with Y-shaped limbs. The stem of this muscle was a fleshy belly measuring 7.8 cm. The upper limb of this muscle, measuring 5.6 cm, was attached to the fascia covering the short head of biceps brachii and the coracoid process while its lower limb, measuring 5.1 cm, ended by merging with the brachial fascia over the biceps brachii below the deltoid muscle. The persistence of such a Y-shaped anomalous axillary arch might restrict the hyperabduction of the arm and compress the neurovascular structures passing below it

Inhabitation of an accessory renal artery in a cratered hilum of a malrotated kidney

Structural variations of the kidney and its abnormal vascular architecture make the kidney unsuitable for transplantation. We report here a case of malrotated left kidney with cratered hilum and presence of an accessory renal artery. A lumbar vein was seen to loop under the accessory renal artery on the way of its termination into the left renal vein. The kidney appeared to have failed to rotate from its fetal position. Thus, the hilum was placed ventrally. The hilum was crater-like in shape, wide, and allowed passage of the hilar structures. The shape of the kidney itself had undergone slight modification as it appeared more ovoid than its typical bean shape. The poles, but not the surface or borders were distinguishable. The variations described in the current observation are of a unique pattern of congenital malformation having surgical, urological, and radiological implications

Rare combined variation of left suprarenal vessels associated with retroaortic left renal vein

Suprarenal vascular variations should be known to surgeons performing laparoscopic adrenalectomy, partial nephrectomy, living donor nephrectomy and renal transplantation. A rare case of vascular variation of the left suprarenal gland was observed, in which the left suprarenal vein was draining into the inferior vena cava after crossing the abdominal aorta anteriorly, just below the origin of the superior mesenteric artery. The left inferior suprarenal artery was originating from the left gonadal artery, which originated from the abdominal aorta in front of the left renal artery. Besides this, the left renal vein passed obliquely downwards behind the abdominal aorta and drained into the inferior vena cava. The retroaortic left renal vein may lead to unilateral hematuria, left varicocele and could be a cause of infertility in men