Neuroprotective Role of L-N^G-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) against Chronic Hypobaric Hypoxia with Crowding Stress (CHC) Induced Depression-Like Behaviour - Fig 2

<p>Changes in the A) time immobility in FST B) sucrose intake C) body weight D) food intake following exposure to Hypobaric Hypoxia, Crowded housing stress and CHC. E) Time of immobility, F) sucrose intake in separate groups of rats exposed to CHC compared to positive control for depression (corticosterone treatment) and following treatment with known antidepressant (Imipramine). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 when compare to Control+Veh; values expressed mean percentage of Control ± SEM (n = 10 in each group).</p

Details of antibodies used in the experiment.

<p>Details of antibodies used in the experiment.</p

Slides showing Microglial Phenotypes (Ramified and Active) in hippocampus during stress exposure and L-NAME administration.

<p>Representative slides showing Iba-1 expression in neurons of A) Entire hippocampus B) Dentate Gyrus C) CA1 and D) CA3 region of hippocampus. Changes in the number of Iba-1 positive cells in E) DG, F) CA1 and G) CA3 region of hippocampus. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 when compare to CHC+Veh; values expressed mean percentage of Control ± SEM (n = 20 in each group).</p

Neurodegeneration in hippocampal sub-regions CA1 and CA3 following exposure to hypobaric hypoxia, crowding stress alone and CHC.

<p>Slides showing A) hoechst positive cells in the CA1 region and B) CA3 region of hippocampus following crowding, hypobaric hypoxia alone and CHC. C) Quantitative data showing changes in the number of hoescht positive cells in CA1 and CA3 region of hippocampus following exposure to crowding, hypobaric hypoxia alone and CHC. Slides showing D) Fluoro Jade B positive cells in the CA1 region and E) CA3 region of hippocampus following crowding, hypobaric hypoxia alone and CHC. F) Quantitative data showing changes in the number of Fluoro Jade B positive cells in Ca and CA3 region of hippocampus following exposure to crowding, hypobaric hypoxia alone and CHC.</p

Changes in number of active microglia.

<p>A) Representative slides of ED-1 stained hippocampus. Slides showing ED-1 expression in B) DG (C) CA1 and (D) CA3 region of hippocampus. E) ED-1 representative cells, F) Number of ED-1 positive cells in DG, CA1 and CA3 region of hippocampus. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 when compare to CHC+Veh; values expressed mean percentage of Control ± SEM (n = 20 in each group).</p

Changes in NF-κB expression.

<p>Representative pictures of NF-κB expression in A) CA3, B) CA1 and C) DG region of hippocampus. Quantitative data showing number of NF-κB positive cell in D) CA3, E) CA1 and F) DG region of hippocampus. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 when compare to CHC+Veh; values expressed mean percentage of Control ± SEM (n = 20 in each group).</p

Validation of CHC stress as a Depression stress model.

<p>Changes in A) immobility time in FST B) sucrose intake in SPT C) time spent in open arm D) number of entries in open arm in EPM and D) time spent in central zone of OFT.</p