Відлуння Чорнобиля

Свого часу одну з перших книг, у якій було зроблено спробу з’ясувати істинні причини аварії на Чорнобильський АЕС, написав міністр енергетики України В.Ф. Скляров. До 25-ї річниці Чорнобильської катастрофи цю книгу перевидано під назвою «Завтра был Чернобыль +». У новому виданні своєрідний «погляд із середини» активного учасника ліквідації наслідків аварії на ЧАЕС доповнено бесідами з керівниками і фахівцями різного профілю, що дало змогу детально і глибоко розглянути проблему Чорнобиля в контексті його минулого, сьогодення і майбутнього. Вміщуємо в перекладі на українську мову фрагменти розмови В.Ф. Склярова з президентом НАН України академіком Б.Є. Патоном

Молодь і політика: соціологічні парадокси та українські реалії

The exchange of phosphatidylcholine between intact human or rat erythrocytes and rat liver microsomes was greatly stimulated by phosphatidylcholine-specific exchange proteins from rat liver and beef liver. It was found, however, that compared to the exchange reaction between phospholipid vesicles and rat liver microsomes, much higher concentrations of exchange protein were required in the case of intact red blood cells and microsomes. In human erythrocytes, 75% of the phosphatidylcholine was available for exchange within 2 h at 37°C. No additional exchange was observed during the next 2 h, indicating slow, if any, transbilayer movement of the residual phosphatidylcholine. In rat erythrocytes 50-60% of the phosphatidylcholine was readily available for the exchange proteins. The residual phosphatidylcholine was exchanged at a much lower rate with a half time for equilibration of 7 h. These results confirm in an independent way the asymmetric distribution of phosphatidylcholine over the membrane of human and rat erythrocytes as well as the occurrence of a slow transbilayer movement of this lipid in rat erythrocytes

Isolation and chemical characterization of phosphatidyl glycerol from spinach leaves

Pure phosphatidyl glycerol was obtained from spinach leaves after repeated chromatography on silica columns. Ascertainment of the configuration of the hydrolysis products formed by the action of phospholipases C (EC 3.1.4.3) and D (EC 3.1.4.4) demonstrated that this phospholipid is identical with 1,2-diacyl-glycerol-3-phosphoryl-1-glycerol. Fatty acid analysis of several lipid fractions showed that the Δ3-trans-hexadecenoic acid, present in the leaves, is concentrated almost exclusively in phosphatidyl glycerol. Degradation experiments with phospholipase A (EC 3.1.1.4) showed that this acid is located preferentially at the 2-ester position. A subfractionation of phosphatidyl glycerol was accomplished by thin-layer chromatography on silica plates impregnated with silver nitrate. A breakdown of the two fractions obtained with phospholipase A allowed the recognition of several molecular species, and 1-linolenoyl,2-Δ3-trans-hexadecenoyl-glycerol-3-phosphoryl-1′-glycerol appeared to be the major species. The results were confirmed by hydrolysis of phosphatidyl glycerol with phospholipase C and separation on impregnated adsorbents of the diglycerides formed

Metabolism of red-cell lipids : III. Pathways for phospholipid renewal

1. 1. Experiments on the conversion of various phospholipid precursors by red-cell ghosts indicated that monoacyl phosphoglycerides are the major acyl acceptors involved in the fatty acid incorporation into lipids of mature mammalian erythrocytes. 2. 2. Lysates of red cells were incapable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of lecithin into the monoacyl derivative. Lysolecithin derived from the plasma by an exchange reaction was found to be acylated to some extent by intact erythrocytes so as to form lecithin. 3. 3. The renewal of phospholipids from erythrocytes is considered to involve at least two processes: (a) exchange of phospholipid molecules between serum and cells, (b) a positionally specific incorporation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with the participation of monoacyl phosphoglycerides originating from the serum. 4. 4. The extent of these processes was found to be different for distinct classes of phospholipids, while even within one phospholipid class not all molecular species participated in the exchange reaction. The magnitude of phospholipid renewal appears to differ between erythrocytes of various mammalian species