Present Status of Connivance as a Defense to Divorce, The

The four usual defenses raised to bar actions for divorce are connivance, collusion, condonation, and recrimination. Connivance is ordinarily defined as consent to the misconduct alleged as grounds for divorce.\u27 It differs from collusion in that there are present actual grounds for divorce, rather than fictitious causes or concealed defenses; from condonation in that consent is given before the misconduct occurs, not forgiveness afterwards; from recrimination in that it has to do with the very grounds on which the plaintiff sues, not some other act of misconduct

The Present Status of Connivance as a Defense to Divorce

The four usual defenses raised to bar actions for divorce are connivance, collusion, condonation, and recrimination. Connivance is ordinarily defined as consent to the misconduct alleged as grounds for divorce.\u27 It differs from collusion in that there are present actual grounds for divorce, rather than fictitious causes or concealed defenses; from condonation in that consent is given before the misconduct occurs, not forgiveness afterwards; from recrimination in that it has to do with the very grounds on which the plaintiff sues, not some other act of misconduct

Young patients with colorectal cancer have poor survival in the first twenty months after operation and predictable survival in the medium and long-term: Analysis of survival and prognostic markers

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objectives</p> <p>This study compares clinico-pathological features in young (<40 years) and older patients (>50 years) with colorectal cancer, survival in the young and the influence of pre-operative clinical and histological factors on survival.</p> <p>Materials and methods</p> <p>A twelve year prospective database of colorectal cancer was analysed. Fifty-three young patients were compared with forty seven consecutive older patients over fifty years old. An analysis of survival was undertaken in young patients using Kaplan Meier graphs, non parametric methods, Cox's Proportional Hazard Ratios and Weibull Hazard models.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Young patients comprised 13.4 percent of 397 with colorectal cancer. Duration of symptoms and presentation in the young was similar to older patients (median, range; young patients; 6 months, 2 weeks to 2 years, older patients; 4 months, 4 weeks to 3 years, p > 0.05). In both groups, the majority presented without bowel obstruction (young - 81%, older - 94%). Cancer proximal to the splenic flexure was present more in young than in older patients. Synchronous cancers were found exclusively in the young. Mucinous tumours were seen in 16% of young and 4% of older patients (p < 0.05). Ninety four percent of young cancer deaths were within 20 months of operation. At median follow up of 50 months in the young, overall survival was 70% and disease free survival 66%. American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage 4 and use of pre-operative chemoradiation in rectal cancer was associated with poor survival in the young.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>If patients, who are less than 40 years old with colorectal cancer, survive twenty months after operation, the prognosis improves and their survival becomes predictable.</p

Functional Organization of Social Perception and Cognition in the Superior Temporal Sulcus

The superior temporal sulcus (STS) is considered a hub for social perception and cognition, including the perception of faces and human motion, as well as understanding others' actions, mental states, and language. However, the functional organization of the STS remains debated: Is this broad region composed of multiple functionally distinct modules, each specialized for a different process, or are STS subregions multifunctional, contributing to multiple processes? Is the STS spatially organized, and if so, what are the dominant features of this organization? We address these questions by measuring STS responses to a range of social and linguistic stimuli in the same set of human participants, using fMRI. We find a number of STS subregions that respond selectively to certain types of social input, organized along a posterior-to-anterior axis. We also identify regions of overlapping response to multiple contrasts, including regions responsive to both language and theory of mind, faces and voices, and faces and biological motion. Thus, the human STS contains both relatively domain-specific areas, and regions that respond to multiple types of social information.David & Lucile Packard FoundationNational Science Foundation (U.S.). Graduate Research FellowshipNational Science Foundation (U.S.) (CCF-1231216

Replacement of a Major Ventilation Raise at the Homestake Gold Mine

Few tasks are more important to the Ventilation Engineer than planning major airways. This paper presents a case study of the inception, design, installation, cost and performance of a 253 m long, 4.27 m diameter subsurface replacement exhaust raise and its connecting drifts. The original raise served as a component of the primary exhaustway (140 m3/s) and heat rejection sink (8MW) for the deepest production district, responsible for 45% of the mine\u27s total ounce production. The chronology of ground control problems with the original raise and attempts to halt the unraveling are described. Planning for a replacement raise commenced once it was realized that the original raise could not be saved. Computer simulation helped size the new raise and connecting drifts. Selection of the raise location was based on a careful rock mechanics assessment. A temporary ventilation bypass system was designed to minimize production loss in event of a catastrophic failure of the old raise while the new raise was being bored. This failure occurred shortly after the temporary bypass was ready. The new raise system was completed in February 1995 at a cost of $US 1.475 million. The troubles encountered, resistance measurements, and final costs are given, and a comparison of planned and actual performance is made

Nonlinear Dynamics of Capacitive Charging and Desalination by Porous Electrodes

The rapid and efficient exchange of ions between porous electrodes and aqueous solutions is important in many applications, such as electrical energy storage by super-capacitors, water desalination and purification by capacitive deionization (or desalination), and capacitive extraction of renewable energy from a salinity difference. Here, we present a unified mean-field theory for capacitive charging and desalination by ideally polarizable porous electrodes (without Faradaic reactions or specific adsorption of ions) in the limit of thin double layers (compared to typical pore dimensions). We illustrate the theory in the case of a dilute, symmetric, binary electrolyte using the Gouy-Chapman-Stern (GCS) model of the double layer, for which simple formulae are available for salt adsorption and capacitive charging of the diffuse part of the double layer. We solve the full GCS mean-field theory numerically for realistic parameters in capacitive deionization, and we derive reduced models for two limiting regimes with different time scales: (i) In the "super-capacitor regime" of small voltages and/or early times where the porous electrode acts like a transmission line, governed by a linear diffusion equation for the electrostatic potential, scaled to the RC time of a single pore. (ii) In the "desalination regime" of large voltages and long times, the porous electrode slowly adsorbs neutral salt, governed by coupled, nonlinear diffusion equations for the pore-averaged potential and salt concentration

Knowledge, Perception of Risk and Attitude of Sierra Leone Military Personnel towards Colleagues with HIV/AIDS

The aim of this survey was to gain an insight into the level of knowledge, perception of risk and attitude of Sierra Leone Military personnel towards colleagues with HIV/AIDS. Four hundred and fifty (450) randomly selected male and female military personnel including officers and other ranks from six battalions were surveyed with a standard questionnaire. Results of this survey demonstrated a relatively low level of knowledge of HIV and AIDS amongst the survey population as evidenced by the 40% and 52% of participants stating that HIV is transmitted by mosquito bites and from public toilets respectively. An equally low perception of risk of the infection was demonstrated from the responses of the participants about attitude towards HIV infected colleagues. Three-fourth of the participants indicated that nobody should be informed if a colleague is HIV positive, with almost all the participants expressing their willingness to take care of an HIV/AIDS person in their household. Varying responses obtained demonstrate the necessity for scaling-up HIV education within the Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces. More resources most therefore be made available to the HIV/AIDS office of the Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces so that HIV education activities can be extended to all the brigades and battalions. Keywords: Knowledge, Perception, Attitude, HIV/AIDS