Revision About Accelerated Testing And Application In A Software For The Data Graphics Analysis

This work presents a revision on different types of tests that are compatible with the nature of the data. They can be used to evaluate or to determine the reliability of equipment's and components in the different design stages of the design. The classification of the tests takes into account the type of censoring in the tests or the criteria to interrupt them. A classification of accelerated tests used in the industry is presented, along with the objectives and considerations of the most used models. Last of all, a software is presented for the processing of the accelerated tests data with constant stress and simple failure mode, for right censored data and with multiple censored data. The Weibull, Log-Normal and Normal distributions, combined with the most used models (Arrhenius and Inverse Power Law), are used. The software allows the processing of the accelerated tests' data by two methods: Minimum Square and Maximum Likelihood. The first offers the initial values to apply the method of Maximum Likelihood, and to assure the convergence of the Newton-Raphson method. The software offers graphs of residual, probabilities vs. time, stress vs. percentiles where it is possible to make an evaluation of the model of the distribution and of the variation or not of the failure mechanism. Statistical tests are used for the validation of the tests, allowing the possibility of using different confidence levels to accomplish the calculations.262/(1981) Rio de Janeiro. NBR-5462. Confiabilidade - Terminologia, , Rio de Janeiro, 17 p(1986) Rio de Janeiro. NBR-9320. Confiabilidade de Equipamentos, Recomendações Gerais - Procedimento, , Rio de Janeiro, 34 pBai, D.S., Optimum simple ramp- tests for the weibull distribution and type- I censoring. Stress (1992) IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 41 (3), pp. 407-413. , SeptCondra, L.W., (1993) Reliability Improvement with Design of Experiments, , Marcel DekkerHamada, M., Using statistically designed experiments to improve reliability and to achieve robust reliability (1995) IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 44 (2), pp. 206-215. , JuneHirose, H., Estimation of threshold stress in accelerated life- testing stress (1993) IEEE Transactions On Reliability, 42 (4), pp. 650-657. , DecKhamis, H.I., Higgins, J.J., Optimum 3-step step-stress tests (1996) IEEE Transactions On Reliability, 45 (2), pp. 341-345. , JuneLeemis, M.L., Beneke, M., Burn-in models and methods: A review (1990) IIE Transactions, 22 (2), pp. 172-180. , JuneLin, Z., Fei, H.A., Nonparametric approach to progressive stress accelerated life testing (1991) IEEE Transactions On Reliability, 40 (2), pp. 173-176. , JuneMeeker, Q.W., Escobar, L.A., A review of recent research and current issues in accelerated testing (1993) Int' 1 Statistical Review, 61, pp. 147-168Meeker, Q.W., Hamada, M., Statistical tools for the rapid development & evaluation of high- reliability products (1995) IEEE Transactions On Reliability, 44 (2), pp. 187-195. , JuneMeeker, Q.W., Hahn, G.J., How to plan and accelerated life test (1985) The ASCQ Basic References In Quality Control, Statistical Techniques, p. 10Nácer, C.A., Dedini, F.G., Uma revisão sobre ensaios acelerados e sua aplicação num programa para a análise gráfica dos dados (1998) V CEM-NNE 98, Congresso de Engenharia Mecânica Norte Nordeste, 1, pp. 33-40. , OutNácer, C.A., (1999) Accelerated Tests. Processing and Collecting of Data for Reliability Studies in Cases of Simple Failure Mechanism, , Campinas,: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, State University of Campinas, 152 pp. Dissertation (MSc)Nelson, W., (1990) Accelerated Testing: Statistical Models, Data Analysis and Test Plans, , John Wiley & Sons, 230 pPallerosi, C.A., (1997) Confiabilidade: Metodologia de Ensaios e Normas, 2. , Campinas. Inédito. 279 pRamakumar, R., (1993) Engineering Reliability Fundamentals and Applications, , Prentice Hall International Editions. 482 pSotskov, B., (1972) Fundamentes de la Teoria y del Calculo de Fiabilidad, , Editorial Mir, Moscú. 261

Development Of One Program For Accelerated Tests

This work presents a study on the related basic aspects with the accelerated tests used in the industry to determine or to confirm the reliability of an item and of the methodologies currented to analysis of the accelerated tests of life of the products. Are argued the importance of the models for each distribution and the methodologies applied in the work.It is implemented programs of computation in VISUAL BASIC language that allow the management and the adequacy for the processing of the data proceeding from the accelerated tests with constant stress and simple failure mode, for complete data, and with censorship the right or multiple, using the distribution of Weibull, Log-normal and Normal, combined with the most used models (Arrhenius model and Inverse Power Law), the program allows to the processing of the data of the accelerated tests for two methods, Squared Minimums and Maximum Likelihood Principle. Copyright © 2006 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Colmenero, A., (1999) Ensaios Acelerados. Coleta e Processamento de Dados para Estudos de Confiabilidade Em Casos de Mecanismo de Falha Simples, , Dissertação de mestrado, FEM/UNICAMP, 02Nelson, W., (1990) Accelerated Testing: Statistical Models, Data Analisys and Test Plans, , John Wiley & SonsMeeker, Q.W., Escobar, L.A., Planning accelerated life tests with two or more experimental factors (1995) Technometrics, 37 (4)Meeker, Q.W., Escobar, L.A., A review of recent research and current issues in accelerated testing (1993) International Satistical Review, 61Pallerosi, C.A., Confiabilidade: Metodologia de Ensaios e Normas (1997) Campinas, 2. , Inédit

A Cad System To Conceptual Phase Of Design

This work is concerned about the conception of computer programs to aid the process of mechanical design. Today it urges the development of systems that works further than the traditional areas dedicated by CAD systems (Computer Aided Design) that are the area of draft. CAD systems must aid in the conceptual phase of design. This paper presents the development of a software system as a solution to this problem in design field. It was developed in visual object oriented language, and it was split into 3 modules with tasks of: design process management, requirements determination and conception development. Copyright © 1997 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.MacHado, C., (1997) Contribuição Ao Estudo da Metodologia e Morfologia Do Projeto Mecânicos, , Campinas: Unicamp, Master ThesisHundal, M.S., A Systematic Method for Developing Function Structures, Solutions and Concept variants (1990) Mechanisms and Machine Teory, 25 (3), pp. 243-256Hundal, M.S., Byrne, J.F., (1990) Computer-Aided Generation of Function Block Diagrams in A Methodical Design Procedure, 27, pp. 251-258. , DE-, New York: ASMEHundal, M.S., A Methodical Procedure for Search of Solutions from Function Structures (1991) Annals of International Conference on Engineering Design, pp. 9-16. , Zurich, augustPahl, G., Beitz, W., (1988) Engineering Design: A Sistematic Approach, , Berlin: Springer-VerlagOgliari, A., Implementação Computacional do Processo de Concepção de Produtos Utilizando Análise Orientada a Objetos e Sistemas Especialistas (1995) Annals of XIII Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Mecânica, , ABCM: BrazilFiod Neto, M., (1993) Desenvolvimento de Sistemas Computacionais Para Auxiliar A Concepção de Produtos Industriais, , SC, Brazil: UFSC, PhD ThesisSilva, J.S., (1995) WINSAPPI: A Evolução de Uma Metodologia Computacional Para O Projeto Conceitual, , SC, Brazil: UFSC, Master ThesisErtas, A., Jones, J.C., (1994) The Engeneering Design Process, , N.Y. John Wiley & Sons, IncBlanchard, B.S., Fabrycky, W.J., (1981) Systems Engineering and Analisys, , New Jersey: Prentice - HallUllman, D.G., (1992) The Mechanical Design Process, , 1. ed. USA: McGraw Hill Book Company incUrban, G.L., (1993) Design and Marketing of New Products, , 2. ed. USA: Prentice-Hall, IncPugh, S., (1991) Total Design Integrated Methods for Successful Product Engineering, , Addison Wesley Publishing CompanyClausing, D., (1993) Total Quality Development, , ASME Press, N. YAkao, Y., (1990) Quality Function Deployment, , Productivity Press, Cambridge M

Development Of Systems Of Alternative Motorization For Conventional Wheelchairs

In this work the main objective is the development of systems for motorization of conventional wheelchairs, and the great mass of wheelchairs now available in Brazil of the simplest type than they don't allow the pure and simple conversion for motorization. In this aspect the problem comes as a challenge because the great variety of models and types of wheelchairs and the lack of a rigorous normalization impose the use of technologies of search of solutions and the application of methodology knowledge and systematic of project. In this way, firstly a study will be accomplished on the object wheelchair, containing: historical, origin, types and characteristics. The following step will be the search of the possibilities of motorizing conventional wheelchairs, limitations and applications. Eventually, after the definition of a basic type to serve as model, the systematic of project will be applied for development of a product and the execution of a prototype in scale or functional for evaluation of possibilities. In the development of the product a methodology will be used and systematic of project. The objective of this work is study the possibilities to motorize a conventional wheelchair. This article analyses the possibilities of motorization. Copyright © 2003 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Cooper, R.A., Wheelchairs and related technology for the millennium (2000) Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 37 (3)Weelman, P., Design of a wheelchair with legs for people with motor disabilities (1995) IEEE Trans. Rehabilitation Engineering, 3 (4)Becker, M., (2000) Suspension System for An All-terrain Wheelchair, pp. 462-464. , ResnaBecker, M., (2000), p. 136. , Aplicação de Tecnologias Assistivas e Técnicas de Controle em Cadeiras de Rodas Inteligentes". Campinas: Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Tese (Doutorado)Abledata Fact Sheet (1994) Manual Wheelchair, (23). , www.abledata.com/text2/manwhch.htm, July, ""Alvarenga, F.B., Dedini, F.G., Analysis of the possibilities of the Conventional Wheelchairs Motorization (2001) Proceedings of COBEM 2001- XVI Brazilian Congress on Mechanical Engineering, , Uberlândia-MG, Brasil, Nov. 26-30Abledata Fact Sheet (1994) Powerd Wheelchair, (24). , www.abledata.com/text2/powwch.htm, July, ""Alvarenga, F.B., (2002), p. 192. , Desenvolvimento de Sistemas de Motorização Alternativa para Cadeiras de Rodas Convencionais", Dissertação de Mestrado, Unicamp, BrazilKirby, R.L., Wheelchair stability: Important, measurable and modifiable (1996) Technology and Disability, 5 (1), pp. 75-80Zwicky, F., Creative Morphology, , ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/canmor/"Akao, Y., (1996) Qualitv Function Deployment: Integrating, Customer's Requirements into Product Design, , Cambridge: Massachusetts, Productivity PressCheng, L.C., (1995), QFD: planejamento da qualidade. Belo Horizonte: Fundação Christiano OttoniOhfuji, T., Ono, M., Akao, Y., (1997), Métodos de desdobramento da qualidade. Belo Horizonte: Fundação Christiano OttoniMiguel, P.C., Cheng, L.C., QFD in Brazil: Present status and future perspectives (2001) 7th International Symposium on Quality Function Deployment, pp. 147-152. , TóquioDedini, F.G., (2000), p. 128. , Metodologia e sistemática de projeto.Campinas: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, ApostilaCsillag, J.M., (1996), Análise do valor: metodologia do valor. São Paulo: Atla

Axiomatic Design Applied To Collaborative Control Development

The design methodology have been proved its effectiveness concerned to new products development, and due to the systematic approach it allows great variety of solutions and concepts developed in the early concept design phase. Axiomatic design was use to create collaborative strategies aiming to reduce the number of control strategies tests. Besides only one of required functions was developed and test each time. A wheelchair dynamic model was developed to test the strategies. At the end of the processes a role and complex control strategy was developed and only validation tests were need to apply the solution in wheelchair motorization. Copyright © 2008 SAE International.Lombardi Jr., A.D.B., (2002), p. 200. , Desenvolvimento e Modelagem de uma Cadeira de Rodas Servo-Assistida para Crianças" Dissertação de Mestrado-Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica-Unicamp-Campinas-S. Agosto deArva, J., Fitzgerald, S.G., Coope, R.A., Corfman, T.A., Spaeth, D., Boninger, M.L., Physiologic Comparison of Yamaha JWII Power Assisted and Traditional Manual Wheelchair Propulsion (2000) Proceedings Resna, pp. 378-380Butler, C., Where is of rehabilitation placed in the world-wide trend towards evidence based health care? (2000) Asia Pacific Disability Rehabilitation Journal, 11 (1), p. 10. , v pCooper, R., Boninger, M.L., (1999) Walking on Hands, , PN/Paraplegia News MarchCorfman, T., Cooper, R., Fitzgerald, S., Arva, J., Excursion an Stroke Frequency Differences between Manual Wheelchair Propulsion and Handrim Actived Power Assisted Wheelchair Propulsion (2000) Proceedings of ResnaDi Marco, A., Russell, M., Masters, M., Standards for wheelchair prescription (2003) Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 50, pp. 30-39. , vTrewn, J., Yang, K., A Treatise on System Reliability and Design Complexity (2000) Proceedings of ICAD2000 First International Conference on Axiomatic Design, , Cambridge, MA-June 21-23Tate, D., Nordlund, M., A Design Process Roadmap as a General Tool for Structuring and Supporting Design Activities (1996) Proceedings of the Second World Conference on Integrated Design and Process Technology (IDPT), 3, pp. 97-104. , Society for Design and Process Science, Austin, TX, v, Dec. 1-4Yang, K., Zhang, H., A Comparison of TRIZ and Axiomatic Design (2000) Proceedings of ICAD2000 First International Conference on Axiomatic Design, , Cambridge, MA-June 21-23, TRIZ Journal 08 deWerneman, A., Kjellberg, A., Application of Axiomatic Design in Operational Development (2000) Proceedings of ICAD2000 First International Conference on Axiomatic Design, , Cambridge, MA-June 21-23De Vries, T.J.A., Van Heteren, C., Huttenhuis, L., Modeling and Control of a Fast Moving, Highly Maneuverable Wheelchair (1999) Proceedings of the International Biomechatronics Workshop, pp. 110-115. , 19-21 AprilDallmeijer, A.J., Anaerobic power output and propulsion technique in spinal cord injured during wheelchair ergometry (1994) Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 1 (2), pp. 120-128. , n(2005), p. 264. , Lombardi Arley de Barros Jr, "Desenvolvimento e Análise de Estratégias de Controle Colaborativo para Cadeiras de Rodas" Tese de Doutorado-Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica-Unicamp-Campinas-S. Novembro d

Dynamics Of Transmissions Using Epicyclic Gear Trains

Due to the current changes in the automotive industry several new technologies are being developed and the old ones analyzed. The epicyclic gear trains, or planetary gear trains, are important in the automatic transmissions. In this paper a model is presented to describe the behavior of the transmission during the process of gear change. For this the system chose must be fully described, that means the relation among the rotations of the components must established. Copyright © 2001 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Brown, S.F., (2000) The Amazing Infinite-Ratio 'Gearbox', , Fortune, Nov. 13thAmaral, D., (2000), Metodologia, Sistematização e Seleção de Projetos de Transmissão Epicicloidais com Um e Dois TEPs Ligados, PhD Thesis, FEM-UnicampMabie, H.H., Reinholtz, C.F., (1986) Mechanisms and Dynamics of Machinery, , John Wiley & Sons, SingaporeDoughty, S., (1988) Mechanics of Machines, , John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-84276-1Dedini, F.G., Morais, R.F., Paper SAE 2000-01-3228, , Desempenho Veicular: Revisão Histórica, Modelagem e Simulaçã

Modeling And Cinematic Analysis Of Half-toroidal Transmission: Influence Of The Project Parameters In Performance

This study aims to evaluate the impact that changes in the parameters of the project to a continuously variable transmission has on its ability to transmit torque and power. A half-toroidal transmission is cinematically analyzed and key geometric parameters and their relationships are studied and characterized. A change in the parameters of the transmission geometry allows a verification of their influence on the entire system live-time for any type of cycle, as defined in the theory of life provided the causes of failure, fatigue and subsurface. Additionally is possible to evaluate the capability of transmitting torque through the theory of Elasto-Hydrodynamic (EHD) contact relationship and the range of possible transmission ratio to be achieved. In this paper, a geometric model of a traction based Half-toroidal CVT (see figure 1) were explored by adding new geometric parameters related to the system control mechanism (the roller tilting angle). The first influence of those new parameters were detected by finding the a function that relates the ideal transmission ratio with them. Copyright © 2008 SAE International.Hewko, L.O., Automotive Traction Drive Cvts-An Overview (1986) SAE Paper 861355Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., Tobler, W., A Systematic Model for the Analysis of Contact, Side slip and traction of Toroidal Drives (2000) Journal of Mechanical Design, 122. , ASMEFuchs, R., Hasuda, Y., James, I., Dynamic Performance Analysis of a Full Toroidal IVT, A theoretical Approach (2004) CVT2004 Congress, 04CVT-30Attia, N.A., Predicting the Life Contact for Half Toroidal Continuously Variable Transmission (2005) Information Technology Journal, 4, pp. 222-227Forti, A.W., Dedini, F.G., Development and Design of Traction Drive Continuously Variable Transmission for low power and torque systems (2002) IFToMM-Sixth International Conference on Rotor Dynamicshttp://www.nsk.com/company/press/pre0000-8j1.htmlaccessedin2ofJulyof2008, NSKGrou

Dynamics Of An Articulated Towboat

It is considerable the number of research around the subject of motorization of conventional manual wheechairs, however the found models don't take care of the real necessities of the wheelchair users. In the manufacture the necessity of an independent vehicle for the load transport exists. With the increasing necessity in Brazil to develop the knowledge in the area of independent vehicles and not being still available a towboat of tests adjusted to approach such problems. The articulated towboat is an intelligent independent vehicle to tow loads. The users of conventional manual wheelchairs will go to use this vehicle when to need motorization, that is in ascent cases, descending of ramps, or long distances. This vehicle possesss practical applications that they can assist systems of support to the rehabilitation of physical and motor deficiencies and also systems automatized of manufacture. The purpose of this paper is to develop some important contribution in the area of independent vehicles in the aid for the people with special needs. Copyright © 2004 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Alvarenga, F.B., Dedini, F.G., Analysis of the possibilities of the Conventional Wheelchairs Motorization (2001) Proceedings of COBEM 2001- XVI Brazilian Congress on Mechanical Engineering, , Uberlândia -MG, Brasil, Nov. 26-30Alvarenga, F.B., (2002) Desenvolvimento de Sistemas de Motorização Alternativa Para Cadeiras de Rodas Convencionais, p. 192. , Máster Thesis Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Unicamp, Campinas,SP, BrazilHaubenwallner, G., (1988) Drive Motor, Which is Supplied by an Energy Source, for Disk-Shaped or Wheel-Shaped Members with a Control Mechanism, , US 4,773,495, September 27Dudley, F.E.A., (1975) Motorized Wheel, , US 3,908,776, September 30Brudermann, (1984) Chassis for Invalid Wheelchairs, , US 4,436,320, March 13Jones, G.C., (1990) Kit for Converting a Hand-Powered Wheelchair to an Electric Motor-Power Wheelchair, , US 4,961,473, October 9Iii, G., (1992) Wheelchair Drive Assembly, , US 5,161,630, November 10Alvarenga, F.B., Dedini, F.G., Development of systems of alternative motorization for conventional wheelchairs SAE Technical Paper Series, 2003-01-3563-E, pp. 1-10. , Danvers, MA(1985) Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, NBR 9050, , Adequação das edificações e do mobiliário urbano à pessoa deficiente. Rio de JaneiroJarosz, E., Determination of the workspace of wheelchair users (1996) International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 17 (2), pp. 123-133. , DOI 10.1016/0169-8141(95)00044-5Fisette, P., Ferriere, L., Raucent, B., Vaneghem, B., Multibody approach for modelling universal wheels of mobile robots (2000) Mechanism and Machine Theory, 35 (3), pp. 329-351. , DOI 10.1016/S0094-114X(99)00017-8Campion, G., Bastin, G., D'Andrea-Novel, B., Structural properties and classification of kinematic and dynamic models of wheeled mobile robots (1996) IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, 12 (1), pp. 47-62. , PII S1042296X96004976Sasi, S., High mobility platform (2002) Technical Report of Department of Mechanical Engineering, , Adoo

Influences Of A Servo-assistided Motorization Controled With Fuzzy Logic Over The Wheelchair Dynamic Behavior

The aim of this article is to study the dynamic behavior of a system composed by a child and a wheelchair during the propulsion with a servo-assisted motorization controlled with a logic fuzzy algorithm. The model correspond a vehicle with propulsion on the rear wheels, steering is on the front wheels. The wheels were modeled as rigid and a double bicycle model was used. The fuzzy controller will act over the system applying additional forces during the wheelchair propulsion looking for increase the user mobility and will be tested and evaluated bearing on mind the increasing of the system performance. Copyright © 2005 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Lombardi, Juni.B., (2002) Desenvolvimento e Modelagem de Uma Cadeira de Rodas Servo-Assistida Para Crianças, , Dissertação de Mestrado - Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica - Unicamp - Campinas - S. 200p. Agosto deArva, J., Fitzgerald, S.G., Coope, R.A., Corfman, T.A., Spaeth, D., Boninger, M.L., Physiologic Comparison of Yamaha JWII Power Assisted and Tradicional Manual Wheelchair Propulsion Proceedings Resna 2000, pp. 378-380Butler, C., Where is of rehabilitatoin placed in the world-wide trend towards evidence based helsth care? (2000) Asia Pacific Disability Rehabilitation Journal, 11 (1). , v 10pCooper, R., Boninger, M.L., (1999) Walking on Hands, , PN/Paraplegia News MarchCorfman, T., Cooper, R., Fitzgerald, S., Arva, J., Excursion an Stroke Frequency Diferences between Manual Wheelchair Propulsion and Pushrim Actived Power Assisted Wheelchair Propulsion Proceedings of Resna 2000Di Marco, A., Russell, M., Masters, M., Standards for wheelchair prescription (2003) Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 50, pp. 30-39. , vStein, R.B., Roetenberg, D., Chong, S.L., James, K.B., A wheelchair modified for leg propulsion using voluntary activity or electrical stimulation (2003) Medical Engineering & Physics, 25, pp. 11-19. , vDurán, F.S., Lugo, L., Ramírez, L., Eusse, E., Effects of an Exercise Program on the Rehabilitation of Patients with Spinal Cord Injury (2001) Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 82. , v, OctoberLombardi Jr., A.D.B., Dedini, F.G., Influences of a servo-assisted motorization over the dynamic behavior of wheelchair Proceedings of XI Diname 2005 - International Symposium of Dynamic Problems and Mechanism, , Ouro PretoHuston, J.C., Tree Wheeled Vehicle Dynamics (1982) SAE Transaction, Vol. 91 Paper Nro. 820139, pp. 591-604De Vries, T.J.A., Van Heteren, C., Huttenhuis, L., Modeling and Control of a Fast Moving, Highly Maneuverable Wheelchair (1999) Proceedings of the International Biomechatronics Workshop, pp. 110-115. , 19-21 AprilDallmeijer, A.J., Anaerobic power output and propulsion technique in spinal cord injured during wheelchair ergometry (1994) Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 1 (2), pp. 120-128. , nKulig, K., Newsam, C.J., Mulroy, S.J., Rao, S., Gronley, J.K., Bontrager, E.L., Perry, J., The effect of level of spinal cord injury on shoulder joint kinetics during manual wheelchair propulsion (2001) Clinical Biomechanical, 16, pp. 744-751May, L.A., Butt, C., Minor, L., Kolbinson, K., Tulloch, K., Measurement Reliability of Functional Tasks for Persons Who Self-Propel a Manual Wheelchair (2003) Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 84. , AprilLombardi Jr., A.D.B., Dedini, F.G., Modelagem Matemática Para Estudo Do Comportamento Dinâmico de Uma Cadeira de Rodas Manual Submetida A Deformidades Do Ciclo de Propulsão" 4o Congresso Temático de Dinâmica, , Controle e Aplicações Dincon 2005 de 6-10 de junho de 2005 - Bauru - (S.)Goosey-Tolfrey, V.L., Fowler, N.E., Campbell, I.G., Iwnicki, S.D., A kinetic analysis of trained wheelchair racers during two speeds of propulsion (2001) Medical Engineering & Physics, 23, pp. 259-266(1994), ABNT - Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. NBR 9050 - Acessibilidade de Pessoas Portadoras de Deficiência a Edificações, Espaço, Mobiliário e Equipamentos Urbanos, 56