A physics exhibit to show the effect of the aerosol in the atmosphere on electromagnetic wave propagation

In this paper it is explained the construction and utility of a didactic exhibit about the effect of aerosol in atmosphere on electromagnetic wave propagation. The exhibit is composed by a lamp simulating the Sun, a Plexiglas case (the atmosphere), white or black panels (surface albedo), a combustion chamber to supply aerosol inside the case and other equipments. There are temperature and relative humidity of air sensors and 5 light sensors to measure direct and scattered light. It is possible to measure the cooling effect of aerosol inside the case and the increasing in scattered light

An Embedded Processor-based Front End Architecture for the Daq System of a Kinetic Inductance Detector

Abstract Detecting cosmic microwave background radiation anisotropies calls for extreme precision measurement of photon energy in the range of 70 to 900 GHz. Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs) are able to reduce the effects of the radiative noise. In this paper we describe the Front-End electronics architecture we adopted for the Data Acquisition System of a Kinetic Inductance Detector

Vlontzos

Abstract The current negotiations under the WTO and the implementation of the Agenda 2000 in the EU create a totally new trading environment for cotton worldwide. This article examines the subsidy schemes being applied worldwide, presents the cotton trade flows on an international level as well as for Greece and all relevant studies referring to the consequences on global trade if every subsidy scheme is phased out. At the end, a new marketing strategy is proposed for the Greek cotton production sector in order to create a competitive advantage and be in a position to face the increased trade competition globally

Layer-by-layer growth of complex-shaped three-dimensional nanostructures with focused electron beams

The fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures is of great interest to many areas of nanotechnology currently challenged by fundamental limitations of conventional lithography. One of the most promising direct-write methods for 3D nanofabrication is focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID), owing to its high spatial resolution and versatility. Here we extend FEBID to the growth of complex-shaped 3D nanostructures by combining the layer-by-layer approach of conventional macroscopic 3D printers and the proximity effect correction of electron beam lithography. This framework is based on the continuum FEBID model and is capable of adjusting for a wide range of effects present during deposition, including beam-induced heating, defocussing and gas flux anisotropies. We demonstrate the capabilities of our platform by fabricating free-standing nanowires, surfaces with varying curvatures and topologies, and general 3D objects, directly from standard stereolithography (STL) files and using different precursors. Real 3D nanoprinting as demonstrated here opens up exciting avenues for the study and exploitation of 3D nanoscale phenomena

Tuning shape, composition and magnetization of three-dimensional cobalt nanowires grown by Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition (FEBID)

Electron beam induced deposition of 3D cobalt nanowires with simultaneous high metallic content (≈80% at.) and small diameter (<100 nm) has been achieved by optimization of the growth parameters. Two different growth modes have been identified, denoted as radial and linear. In the radial mode, the wire diameter is at least  ≈120 nm and the Co content is greater than  ≈85% at. In the linear mode, the diameter is smaller than 80 nm and the Co content is at best  ≈80% at. A sharp transition between both growth modes can occur inside a single nanowire for certain experimental conditions. Electron holography measurements indicate that in optimized Co nanowires the magnetic induction is high enough for applications in spintronics, magnetic sensing and actuation at the nanoscale.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity through projects No. MAT2014-51982C2-1-R, MAT2014-51982C2-2-R and MAT2015-69725-REDT, including FEDER funds and by the Aragon Regional Government (Construyendo Europa desde Aragón) through project E26, with FEDER funding. This work was conducted within the framework of the COST Action CM1301 (CELINA). AFP acknowledges funding from a EPSRC Early Career Fellowship EP/M008517/1 and from a Winton Fellowship. In order to comply with EPSRC policy on research data, all metadata associated to this publication can be accessed via https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.8106. JP-N grant is funded by the Ayuda para Contratos Predoctorales para la Formación de Doctores, Convocatoria Res. 05/06/15 (BOE 12/06/15) of the Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación in the Subprograma Estatal de Formación of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) with the participation of the European Social Fund

Possible Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling effects prior to the 2018 Mw = 7.5 Indonesia earthquake from seismic, atmospheric and ionospheric data

In this study, we analyse Lithosphere Atmosphere Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) effects to identify some phenomena that could, possibly, be linked to the preparation phase of the MW=7.5 earthquake occurred in Indonesia on September 28th, 2018, by investigating the eight months preceding the seismic event. First, we find a seismic acceleration that started two months before the mainshock. Then, studying some physical properties of the atmosphere (skin temperature, total column water vapor and aerosol optical thickness), we find two increases of atmospheric anomalies about 6 and 3.7 months before the mainshock, and the latter one is very promising as a candidate for seismic-related phenomena. Furthermore, we investigate ionospheric disturbances, by analysing the Swarm and, for the first time, China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES), magnetic and electron density data during quiet geomagnetic time. From different techniques, we find interesting anomalies concentrated around 2.7 months before the mainshock. On August 19th, 2018, Swarm and CSES showed an enhancement of the electron density during night time. We critically discuss the possibility that such phenomenon can be a possible pre-seismic-induced ionospheric effect. Finally, we performed a cumulative analysis using all detected anomalies, as a test case for a possible chain of physical phenomena that could happen before the earthquake occurrence. With this study, we support the usefulness to collect and store large Earth ground and satellite observational dataset that in the future could be useful to monitor in real time the seismic zones to anticipate earthquakes, although nowadays, there is no evidence about useful prediction capabilities.Published1040972A. Fisica dell'alta atmosferaJCR Journa

Non-Planar Geometrical Effects on the Magnetoelectrical Signal in a Three-Dimensional Nanomagnetic Circuit

Expanding nanomagnetism and spintronics into three dimensions (3D) offers great opportunities for both fundamental and technological studies. However, probing the influence of complex 3D geometries on magnetoelectrical phenomena poses important experimental and theoretical challenges. In this work, we investigate the magnetoelectrical signals of a ferromagnetic 3D nanodevice integrated into a microelectronic circuit using direct-write nanofabrication. Due to the 3D vectorial nature of both electrical current and magnetization, a complex superposition of several magnetoelectrical effects takes place. By performing electrical measurements under the application of 3D magnetic fields, in combination with macrospin simulations and finite element modelling, we disentangle the superimposed effects, finding how a 3D geometry leads to unusual angular dependences of well-known magnetotransport effects such as the anomalous Hall effect. Crucially, our analysis also reveals a strong role of the non-collinear demagnetizing fields intrinsic to 3D nanostructures, which results in an angular dependent magnon magnetoresistance contributing strongly to the total magnetoelectrical signal. These findings are key to the understanding of 3D spintronic systems and underpin further fundamental and device-based studies.Leverhulme Trust Isaac Newton Trust L’Oréal-UNESCO U.K. and Ireland Fellowship For Women In Science EPSRC Winton Program for Physics of Sustainability China Scholarship Council European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program Spanish AE