75 research outputs found
Helping learners engage with L2 words: the form-meaning fit
The pace at which new words are acquired is influenced by the degree of engagement with them on the part of the learner. Insights from Cognitive Linguistics into the non-arbitrary aspects of vocabulary can be turned into stimuli for such engagement. The majority of Cognitive Linguistsâ proposals for vocabulary teaching aim at helping learners appreciate the way a single word form can develop different meanings. This, however, presupposes knowledge of the âbasicâ meaning of that word. We report an experiment in which learners under an experimental treatment were stimulated to consider the possibility that the form-meaning link in target words might not be fully arbitrary. The mnemonic effect of this task-induced engagement was assessed in relation to comparison treatments in immediate and delayed post-tests measuring both receptive and productive knowledge. Results show that simply prompting learners to evaluate the form-meaning match of words can foster vocabulary acquisition, although not all target words lends themselves equally well to this type of engagement
Does Adding Pictures to Glosses Enhance Vocabulary Uptake from Reading?
This article reports three trials of a pen-and-paper experiment where adult L2 learnersâ recollection of glossed words was tested after they had read a text with or without pictures included in the glosses. Unlike previous studies in which a superiority of multimodal glosses over text-only glosses was claimed, the experiment furnished no evidence that the addition of pictures helped the learners to retain the glossed wordsâ form-meaning association any better than providing glosses containing only verbal explanations. When learners were prompted to recall of the written form of the words, the gloss condition without pictures in fact led to the better performance. The results suggest that the provision of pictures alongside textual information to elucidate the meaning of novel words may reduce the amount of attention that L2 readers give to the form of these words
From Chalcogen Bonding to SâÏ Interactions in Hybrid Perovskite Photovoltaics
The stability of hybrid organicâinorganic halide perovskite semiconductors remains a significant obstacle to their application in photovoltaics. To this end, the use of lowâdimensional (LD) perovskites, which incorporate hydrophobic organic moieties, provides an effective strategy to improve their stability, yet often at the expense of their performance. To address this limitation, supramolecular engineering of noncovalent interactions between organic and inorganic components has shown potential by relying on hydrogen bonding and conventional van der Waals interactions. Here, the capacity to access novel LD perovskite structures that uniquely assemble through unorthodox Sâmediated interactions is explored by incorporating benzothiadiazoleâbased moieties. The formation of Sâmediated LD structures is demonstrated, including oneâdimensional (1D) and layered twoâdimensional (2D) perovskite phases assembled via chalcogen bonding and SâÏ interactions, through a combination of techniques, such as single crystal and thin film Xâray diffraction, as well as solidâstate NMR spectroscopy, complemented by molecular dynamics simulations, density functional theory calculations, and optoelectronic characterization, revealing superior conductivities of Sâmediated LD perovskites. The resulting materials are applied in nâiâp and pâiân perovskite solar cells, demonstrating enhancements in performance and operational stability that reveal a versatile supramolecular strategy in photovoltaics
From Chalcogen Bonding to SâÏ Interactions in Hybrid Perovskite Photovoltaics
The stability of hybrid organicâinorganic halide perovskite semiconductors remains a significant obstacle to their application in photovoltaics. To this end, the use of lowâdimensional (LD) perovskites, which incorporate hydrophobic organic moieties, provides an effective strategy to improve their stability, yet often at the expense of their performance. To address this limitation, supramolecular engineering of noncovalent interactions between organic and inorganic components has shown potential by relying on hydrogen bonding and conventional van der Waals interactions. Here, the capacity to access novel LD perovskite structures that uniquely assemble through unorthodox Sâmediated interactions is explored by incorporating benzothiadiazoleâbased moieties. The formation of Sâmediated LD structures is demonstrated, including oneâdimensional (1D) and layered twoâdimensional (2D) perovskite phases assembled via chalcogen bonding and SâÏ interactions, through a combination of techniques, such as single crystal and thin film Xâray diffraction, as well as solidâstate NMR spectroscopy, complemented by molecular dynamics simulations, density functional theory calculations, and optoelectronic characterization, revealing superior conductivities of Sâmediated LD perovskites. The resulting materials are applied in nâiâp and pâiân perovskite solar cells, demonstrating enhancements in performance and operational stability that reveal a versatile supramolecular strategy in photovoltaics
Key4hep: Progress Report on Integrations
Detector studies for future experiments rely on advanced software tools to estimate performance and optimize their design and technology choices. The Key4hep project provides a flexible turnkey solution for the full experiment life-cycle based on established community tools such as ROOT, Geant4, DD4hep, Gaudi, podio and spack. Members of the CEPC, CLIC, EIC, FCC, and ILC communities have joined to develop this framework and have merged, or are in the progress of merging, their respective software environments into the Key4hep stack.
These proceedings will give an overview over the recent progress in the Key4hep project: covering the developments towards adaptation of state-of-theart tools for simulation (DD4hep, Gaussino), track and calorimeter reconstruction (ACTS, CLUE), particle flow (PandoraPFA), analysis via RDataFrame, and visualization with Phoenix, as well as tools for testing and validation
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