67 research outputs found
FACTORS AFFECTING VARIABILITY OF RESISTANCE IN GAROLE SHEEP NATURALLY INFECTED WITH HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS
Resistance status against natural infection to Haemonchus contortus as well as influence
of season, sex, body weight, and haemoglobin type on resistance levels were evaluated in 309 numbers
of Garole sheep. In adult Garole sheep, egg per gram(EPG) of faeces for Haemonchus contortus was
varied from 300 to 1600, but overall EPG in Garole have been recorded as 829.96 ± 20.60. The effects
of season, sex, and body weight and haemoglobin type on EPG were all found to be highly significant
(P < 0.01). EPG count was highest during monsoon (986.27 ± 28.26), followed by summer (832.88 ±
28.26) and lowest during winter (670.74 ± 28.26) which indicated the existence of a seasonal variation
of EPG. Rams had higher EPG (954.32 ± 57.93) than ewes (705.60 ± 45.79) which reflected that males
appeared to be more susceptible to Haemonchus contortus infection compared to females. Animals
with lower body weight (upto 10 kg) showed higher EPG (1017.20 ± 54.82), then the infection level
decreased as body weight increased (886.79 ± 56.23 for 10 kg to 12 kg and 737.18 ± 50.29 for 12 kg to
14 kg) and lowest EPG was recorded in animals with above 14 kg body weight (678.68 ± 54.49). This
study reveals Hb-BB type animals had higher EPG count (983.81 ± 18.22) in comparison to Hb-AB
type animals (676.12 ± 33.96) indicating that Haemoglobin-A locus has some relation with resistance.
From our study it can be concluded that resistant level of Garole sheep against Haemonchus contortus
is influenced by some intrinsic factors like sex, body weight, and haemoglobin type of the sheep and
also by extrinsic factor like season
VARIABILITY OF RESISTANCE TO NATURAL HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS INFECTION VIS-A-VIS HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN GAROLE SHEEP
A total 103 numbers of Garole sheep was evaluated to know the variability in resistant
status against natural infection to Haemonchus contortus as well as variability in level of haematological
and biochemical parameters. A significantly (P < 0.01) lower level of EPG, neutrophil and serum
alkaline phosphatase enzyme, but significantly (P < 0.01) higher level of haemoglobin, packed cell
volume, total leukocyte count, lymphocyte, serum total protein, serum albumin and serum globulin
were recorded in resistant animals as compared to less susceptible and highly susceptible animals.
Further a highly significant (P < 0.01) and negative relationship were observed for EPG with
haemoglobin, PCV, TLC, lymphocyte, STP, SA and SG. Whereas a highly significant (P < 0.01) and
positive relationship were observed for EPG with neutrophil count and SAP enzyme level. Significant
variations as observed in the present study can be attributed to differences in FEC among the animals
and these haematological as well as biochemical parameters can be used as a predictive marker for
selection of H. contortus resistant Garole sheep in field condition in combating nematode infection
which in turn results in efficient production
Beating no-go theorems by engineering defects in quantum spin models
There exist diverse no-go theorems, ranging from no-cloning to monogamies of
quantum correlations and Bell inequality violations, which restrict the
processing of information in the quantum world. In a multipartite scenario,
monogamy of Bell inequality violation and exclusion principle of dense coding
are such theorems, which impede the ability of the system to have quantum
advantage between all its parts. In ordered spin systems, the twin restrictions
of translation invariance and monogamy of quantum correlations, in general,
enforce the bipartite states to be neither Bell inequality violating nor
dense-codeable. We show that these quantum characteristics, viz. Bell
inequality violation and dense-codeability, can be resurrected, and thereby the
no-go theorems overcome, by having quenched disorder in the system parameters
leading to quantum spin glass or quantum random field models. We show that the
quantum characteristics are regained even though the quenched averaging keeps
the disordered spin chains translationally invariant at the physically relevant
level of observables. The results show that it is possible to conquer
constraints imposed by quantum mechanics in ordered systems by introducing
impurities.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, RevTeX 4.
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