Experimental studies on heat transfer augmentation using twisted aluminium taper clips and twisted tapes

Heat exchangers have several industrial and engineering applications. The design procedure of heat exchangers is quite complicated, as it needs exact analysis of heat transfer rate and pressure drop estimations apart from issues such as long-term performance and the economic aspect of the equipment. Whenever inserts are used for the heat transfer enhancement, along with the increase in the heat transfer rate, the pressure drop also increases. This increase in pressure drop increases the pumping cost. Thus it’s highly essential not to allow the pressure drop to go beyond a specified value while going for heat transfer enhancement techniques using inserts. The present paper includes various heat transfer augmentation techniques. A literature review of heat transfer augmentation using twisted tapes has been included. Experimental work on heat transfer augmentation using a new kind of insert called TWISTED ALUMINIUM TAPER CLIP (TATC) is carried out. Inserts when placed in the path of the flow of the liquid, create a high degree of turbulence resulting in an increase in the heat transfer rate and the pressure drop. The work includes the determination of friction factor and heat transfer coefficient for various TATC having different twist ratios. The results are compared with twisted tapes having different twist ratios. Four TATC and two twisted tapes having different twist ratios are used in the study. The performance evaluation criterion R1 is found out to clearly depict the enhancement in the heat transfer rate. The results are aptly supported by observation tables and figures

Effect of signaling molecules on different morphological, physiological, biochemical and yield attributes of groundnut under water stress

In the current era of climate change, water stress has become a serious threat to groundnut and has detrimental effects on crop productivity. A field experiment was conducted with ‘Narayani’ variety, where plants were treated with four different chemicals such as ascorbic acid, salicylic acid, hydrogen peroxide and α-tocopherol @ 200 ppm at 40 and 60 days after sowing (DAS) under water stress. Several morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters were studied. Based on the results for proline content, SOD and catalase activity, leaf area, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf and pod dry weight and various yield attributes, it was observed that plants treated with salicylic acid at 60 DAS (S4) performed best under water stress. Salicylic acid (S3) increased the leaf and root dry weight at 40 DAS, stem dry weight at 60 DAS and total dry weight at 40 and 60 DAS. H2O2 (S5) significantly increased stem and pod dry weight, chlorophyll fluorescence at 40 DAS, number of branches and net photosynthetic rate at 40 and 60 DAS. α-tocopherol (S7) increased plant height at 40 DAS and reduced membrane injury index at 40 and 60 DAS. Ascorbic acid (S1) increased the leaf water potential at 40 and 60 DAS. Overall, this study showed that the foliar applications of salicylic acid at 60 DAS (S4) most effectively enhanced the groundnut yield under water stress

Running of oscillation parameters in matter with flavor-diagonal non-standard interactions of the neutrino

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Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation