Pengaruh Diet Ketogenik Jangka Panjang Terhadap Kadar Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (Igf-1) Serum Pada Mencit

Latar Belakang: Prevalensi kanker dan obesitas masih terus meningkat di seluruh dunia. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) merupakan salah satu faktor pemicu proliferasi kanker dan peningkatannya berkaitan dengan inflamasi kronis pada obesitas. Diet ketogenik menjadi salah satu gaya hidup dan dikembangkan sebagai salah satu terapi kanker dan obesitas. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh diet ketogenik jangka panjang dalam menurunkan kadar IGF-1 serum pada mencit. Metode: Studi ini merupakan studi experimental dengan post-test only control group design. Sebanyak 12 mencit jantan (20-30 g) usia 2-3 bulan dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok secara acak yaitu K1 (n=6, diet standard) dan K2 (n=6, diet ketogenik), mendapatkan diet selama 8 minggu ad libitum. Kadar IGF-1 serum diukur setelah perlakuan menggunakan Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Berat badan diukur sebelum dan setelah perlakuan. Data dianalisis dengan uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk Test, perbedaan antar kelompok apabila berdistribusi normal dianalisis dengan Independent T-test, dan apabila tidak berdistibusi normal dengan Mann-Whitney Test. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan Statistic Package for Social Science (SPSS) versi 16. Hasil: Perubahan () berat badan pada K1 (11,500±7,036) g dan K2 (-2,000±5,060) g dengan p=0,008. Kadar IGF-1 serum pada K1 (138,693±23,858) ng/mL dan K2 (104,705±25,458) ng/mL dengan p=0,038. Simpulan: Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa diet ketogenik jangka panjang selama 8 minggu menurunkan kadar IGF-1 serum dan berat badan

A Long-Term Ketogenic Diet Decreases Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels in Mice

Cancer and obesity prevalence are still increasing worldwide. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) is a factor in cancer proliferation, and its increase is associated with chronic inflammation in obesity. The ketogenic diet is a trend and recently developed as a therapy for cancer and obesity. This study aimed at examining the effect of long-term ketogenic diet exposure on decreasing serum IGF-1 levels in mice. This study was a true experimental study with a post-test-only control group design. Twelve male mice (20-30 g) aged 2-3 months, randomly divided into K1 (n=6, standard diet) and K2 (n=6, ketogenic diet), were given diet for eight weeks ad libitum. Serum IGF-1 levels were measured post-interventionally using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Bodyweight baseline and post-intervention were also measured. Data were analyzed for normality test using Shapiro-Wilk Test, mean difference was analyzed using Independent T-test for normal distribution, and Mann-Whitney Test for abnormal distribution. Data analysis was performed using Statistic Package for Social Science Version 16. Difference (D) of body weight on K1 (11.500±7.036) g and K2 (-2.000±5.060) g with p=0,008. Serum IGF-1 levels on K1 (138,693±23,858) ng/mL and K2 (104,705±25,458) ng/mL with p=0,038. This study showed that a long-term ketogenic diet for eight weeks decreases serum IGF-1 levels and body weight

The Potency Of PLGA-Encapsulated Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) As Adjuvant Therapy For Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence keeps increasing worldwide and being particular concern due to its morbidity and mortality. However, current CKD therapy are known to be economically costly and not necessarily provide better outcomes. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is one of the substances that widely studied as perspective therapeutic agents of CKD due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and enhancing mitochondrial function ability. However, the use of EGCG is limited to low bioavailability and poor pharmacokinetic profile. Encapsulation of EGCG with PLGA is expected to increase the efficacy of EGCG especially for its use as the kidney protective agent and optimize therapy of CKD. Thus, this study aims to analyze the potency of PLGA-encapsulated EGCG as the adjuvant therapy for CKD. This study was a narrative review summarizes studies related to current adjuvant therapy of CKD. EGCG has beneficial effects in reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines among chronic kidney disease. EGCG also can increase scavenging of free radicals to decrease reactive oxygen species. EGCG is known to enhance mitochondrial function and increase mitochondrial protection to prevent apoptosis in various kidney diseases. Combination of PLGA encapsulation with EGCG has a beneficial effect in improving the delivery, bioavailability, stability, and the pharmacokinetic profile of EGCG. PLGA-encapsulated EGCG also provides a better therapeutic effect on preventing and decreasing progression of kidney damage. Finally, this study concluded that combination of PLGA-encapsulated EGCG has a potency as the adjuvant therapy of CKD

Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy for COVID 19 patients infected with variants of concerns

ABSTRACT COVID-19 cases in Indonesia seemed to be increasing by each passing day at the time of writing this review, more positive cases discovered than the recovered ones. With the highest rank within all ASEAN countries, and also a home of many variants of COVID-19, Indonesia had become a break off destination to others. Along with the problem associated with the pandemic, which all people had to face, the purpose of this review is to elaborate the use of convalescent plasma therapy on treatment against COVID-19, especially its different variants. We overview the evidence that we obtained from several databases using specific keywords. A large amount of evidence points out that the convalescent plasma therapy has shown a promising outcome against COVID-19 infection, as it did for infectious diseases. Although in COVID-19 variants of concern, convalescent plasma therapy showed a reduction in neutralization ~ 3-fold against P.1, and 7-13 folds against B.1.351 variant, it still can be used as a treatment for COVID-19 and its variants. Abbreviations: PPE - personal protective equipment; VoC - Variants of concern; VoI - Variants of interest; CPT - convalescent plasma therapy; RBD - receptor-binding domain; ARDS - Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; ICU - Intensive Care Unit; IQR - Interquartile Range; RCT - Randomized Clinical Trial; RT-PCR - Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction; NAbs - neutralizing antibodie

The Content of Breast Milk and the Challenges Experienced by Breastfeeding Mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Every postpartum mother is recommended to breastfeed her baby because breast milk is the main need of newborns. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on life in various aspects, including on the breastfeeding mothers, especially if they suffer from COVID-19 infection. Aim: The study aims to provide comprehensive evidence regarding potential virus transmission and antibody transfer through breastmilk and the experiences of mothers related to breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy involved the use of keywords related to COVID-19 and breastfeeding in PubMed and Science Direct databases. Articles were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Breastfeeding has been recommended to be continued during the pandemic due to the benefits associated with it and the absence of sufficient evidence for transmission of COVID-19 infection through breast milk. During the lockdown period, there was a change in breastfeeding patterns, although most mothers believed that breastfeeding should be continued. Anxiety and lack of support affected breastfeeding practices. Breastfeeding mothers reported a dilemmatic situation. They felt protected because of the lockdown policy but also struggled to get support from their social environment. The impact varied in terms of stopping breastfeeding practice altogether, breastfeeding irregularly, and even giving formula milk. Conclusion: Adherence to health protocols can reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19 infection through breastfeeding from mother to baby. Support from the family and the environment is needed to ensure the continuity of breastfeeding practice