32 research outputs found
Effects of Exercise Dose and Detraining Duration on Mobility at Late Midlife:A Randomized Clinical Trial
Background: Office workers near retirement tend to be sedentary and can be prone to mobility limitations and diseases. We examined the dose effects of exergaming volume and duration of detraining on motor and cognitive function in office workers at late midlife to reduce sedentariness and mobility limitations. Methods: In an assessor-blinded randomized trial, 160 workers aged 55-65 years performed physically active video games in a nonimmersive form of virtual reality (exergaming) in small, supervised groups for 1 h, 1x, 2x, or 3x/week for 8 weeks followed by detraining for 8 and 16 weeks. Exergaming comprises high-intensity, full-body sensorimotor coordination, balance, endurance, and strengthening exercises. The primary outcome was the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and secondary outcomes were body mass, self-reported physical activity, sleep quality, Berg Balance Scale, Short Physical Performance Battery, fast gait speed, dynamic balance, heart rate recovery after step test, and 6 cognitive tests. Results: The 3 groups were not different in any of the outcomes at baseline (all p > 0.05). The outcomes were stable and had acceptable reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients >= 0.334) over an 8-week control period. Training produced an inverted U-shaped dose response of no (1x), most (2x), and medium (3x/week) effects of exergaming volume in most motor and selected cognitive outcomes. The distance walked in the 6MWT (primary outcome) increased most (94 m, 19%, p < 0.05), medium (57 m, 12%, p < 0.05), and least (4 m, 1%) after exergaming 2x, 3x, or 0x (control) (all different p < 0.05). The highest responders tended to retain the exercise effects over 8 weeks of detraining, independent of training volume. This maintenance effect was less consistent after 16 weeks of detraining. Conclusion: Less was more during training and lasted longer after detraining. A medium dose volume of exergaming produced the largest clinically meaningful improvements in mobility and selected cognitive tests in 60-year-old office workers with mild mobility limitations and intact cognition
Vaginal Submucosal Dendritic Cells, but Not Langerhans Cells, Induce Protective Th1 Responses to Herpes Simplex Virus-2
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 infection occurs primarily at the genital mucosal surfaces and is a leading cause of ulcerative lesions. Despite the availability of animal models for HSV-2 infection, little is known regarding the mechanism of immune induction within the vaginal mucosa. Here, we examined the cell types responsible for the initiation of protective Th1 immunity to HSV-2. Intravaginal inoculation of HSV-2 led to a rapid recruitment of submucosal dendritic cells (DCs) to the infected epithelium. Subsequently, CD11c+ DCs harboring viral peptides in the context of MHC class II molecules emerged in the draining lymph nodes and were found to be responsible for the stimulation of IFNÎł secretion from HSV-specific CD4+ T cells. Other antigen-presenting cells including B cells and macrophages did not present viral peptides to T cells in the draining lymph nodes. Next, we assessed the relative contribution to immune generation by the Langerhans cells in the vaginal epithelium, the submucosal CD11b+ DCs, and the CD8α+ lymph node DCs. Analysis of these DC populations from the draining lymph nodes revealed that only the CD11b+ submucosal DCs, but not Langerhans cellâderived or CD8α+ DCs, presented viral antigens to CD4+ T cells and induced IFNÎł secretion. These results demonstrate a previously unanticipated role for submucosal DCs in the generation of protective Th1 immune responses to HSV-2 in the vaginal mucosa, and suggest their importance in immunity to other sexually transmitted diseases
GyeptelepĂtĂ©s elmĂ©lete Ă©s gyakorlata az ökolĂłgiai szemlĂ©letƱ gazdĂĄlkodĂĄsban
Az utĂłbbi Ă©vekben egyre nagyobb az igĂ©ny mind hazĂĄnkban, mind EurĂłpĂĄban a szĂĄntĂłföldi mƱvelĂ©s alĂłl kivett terĂŒletek alternatĂv, fenntarthatĂł hasznosĂtĂĄsĂĄra, melyre jĂł lehetĆsĂ©get biztosĂt az ökolĂłgiai szemlĂ©letƱ gyepgazdĂĄlkodĂĄs. A gyepesĂtĂ©ssel szemben tĂĄmasztott legfontosabb elvĂĄrĂĄs egy fĆkĂ©pp fĂŒvek dominĂĄlta Ă©velĆ gyep lĂ©trejötte, amely visszaszorĂtja a nemkĂvĂĄnatos gyomfajokat. ĂkolĂłgiai cĂ©lĂș gyeptelepĂtĂ©s esetĂ©n rendkĂvĂŒl fontos a megfelelĆ szaporĂtĂłanyagok, a megfelelĆ fƱfajok kivĂĄlasztĂĄsa Ă©s a termĂ©szetkĂmĂ©lĆ technolĂłgia alkalmazĂĄsa. A telepĂtendĆ fajokat a terĂŒlet ökolĂłgiai jellemzĆinek (talajtĂpus, vĂzgazdĂĄlkodĂĄs, hĆmĂ©rsĂ©klet Ă©s csapadĂ©k viszonyok) figyelembe vĂ©telĂ©vel Ă©s a kĂ©sĆbbi hasznosĂtĂĄs (legeltetĂ©s, kaszĂĄlĂĄs) szempontjait szem elĆtt tartva kell kivĂĄlasztani. A telepĂtĂ©s idĆpontjĂĄt Ă©s technolĂłgiĂĄjĂĄt szintĂ©n össze kell hangolni a termĆhelyi adottsĂĄgokkal Ă©s a kĂ©sĆbbi hasznosĂtĂĄssal.
LegĂșjabb kiadvĂĄnyunk olyan tudomĂĄnyos igĂ©nyessĂ©ggel kidolgozott, de a mindennapi gazdĂĄlkodĂĄsban alkalmazhatĂł szakanyag, amely felhĂvja a figyelmet az ökolĂłgiai szempontĂș gyeptelepĂtĂ©s legfontosabb szempontjaira, a gyeptelepĂtĂ©shez hasznĂĄlt magkeverĂ©kkel szemben tĂĄmasztott kĂvĂĄnalmakra, a telepĂtĂ©s gyakorlati kivitelezĂ©sĂ©re, valamint vĂĄrhatĂł gĂ©p- Ă©s költsĂ©gigĂ©nyĂ©re. A kiadvĂĄny a Debreceni Egyetem ĂkolĂłgiai TanszĂ©ke közremƱködĂ©sĂ©vel, Dr. Török PĂ©ter szerkesztĂ©sĂ©ben valĂłsult meg.
A projekt a Magyar Nemzeti VidĂ©ki HĂĄlĂłzat ElnöksĂ©gĂ©nek Ă©rtĂ©kelĂ©se Ă©s javaslata alapjĂĄn, az EurĂłpai MezĆgazdasĂĄgi Ă©s VidĂ©kfejlesztĂ©si Alap tĂĄrsfinanszĂrozĂĄsĂĄban, a Nemzeti VidĂ©kfejlesztĂ©si Program IrĂĄnyĂtĂł HatĂłsĂĄgĂĄnak jĂłvĂĄhagyĂĄsĂĄval vĂĄlhatott valĂłra
Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Europe: The Past and the Future
Purpose Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a frequent, complex disorder in elderly of European ancestry. Risk profiles and treatment options have changed considerably over the years, which may have affected disease prevalence and outcome. We determined the prevalence of early and late AMD in Europe from 1990 to 2013 using the European Eye Epidemiology (E3) consortium, and made projections for the future. Design Meta-analysis of prevalence data. Participants A total of 42 080 individuals 40 years of age and older participating in 14 population-based cohorts from 10 countries in Europe. Methods AMD was diagnosed based on fundus photographs using the Rotterdam Classification. Prevalence of early and late AMD was calculated using random-effects meta-analysis stratified for age, birth cohort, gender, geographic region, and time period of the study. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was compared between late AMD subtypes; geographic atrophy (GA) and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Main Outcome Measures Prevalence of early and late AMD, BCVA, and number of AMD cases. Results Prevalence of early AMD increased from 3.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1%â5.0%) in those aged 55â59 years to 17.6% (95%
Aspergillus terreus accessory conidia are unique in surface architecture, cell wall composition and germination kinetics.
Infection with Aspergillus terreus is more likely to result in invasive, disseminated disease when compared to other Aspergillus species; importantly this species appears to be less susceptible to the antifungal drug amphotericin B. Unique to this species is the ability to produce specialized structures denoted as accessory conidia (AC) directly on hyphae both in vitro and in vivo. With the hypothesis that production of AC by A. terreus may enhance virulence of this organism, we analyzed the phenotype, structure and metabolic potential of these conidia. Comparison of A. terreus phialidic conidia (conidia that arise from conidiophores, PC) and AC architecture by electron microscopy revealed distinct morphological differences between the two conidial forms; AC have a smoother, thicker outer cell surface with no apparent pigment-like layer. Further, AC germinated rapidly, had enhanced adherence to microspheres, and were metabolically more active compared to PC. Additionally, AC contained less cell membrane ergosterol, which correlated with decreased susceptibility to AMB as determined using a flow cytometry based analysis. Furthermore, AC exhibited surface patches of beta1-3 glucan, suggestive of attachment scarring. Collectively, the findings of this study suggest a possible role for AC in A. terreus pathogenesis
Effect of radon measurement methods on dose estimation
Protection against radon at home and at wor
Somatic Embryogenesis: A Tool for Fast and Reliable Virus and Viroid Elimination for Grapevine and other Plant Species
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a widely used technique in plant biotechnology, and it can be a possible tool for virus and viroid elimination. This review highlights the advantages and limitations of production of pathogen-free plants using somatic embryogenesis. Beside the well-known meristem cultures, chemotherapy, thermotherapy and cryotherapy, SE is a very effective virus and viroid elimination method. Production of virus- and viroid-free plants is categorized based on the latest virus taxonomy. The available information on virus and viroid spread in calli and the effect of SE on morphological and genetic stability of the regenerated plants are presented in details. A number of factors which could affect the efficiency of this technique are also pointed out. Based on the collected and analysed data, SE can be a useful option for virus and viroid elimination
Somatic Embryogenesis: A Tool for Fast and Reliable Virus and Viroid Elimination for Grapevine and other Plant Species
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a widely used technique in plant biotechnology, and it can be a possible tool for virus and viroid elimination. This review highlights the advantages and limitations of production of pathogen-free plants using somatic embryogenesis. Beside the well-known meristem cultures, chemotherapy, thermotherapy and cryotherapy, SE is a very effective virus and viroid elimination method. Production of virus- and viroid-free plants is categorized based on the latest virus taxonomy. The available information on virus and viroid spread in calli and the effect of SE on morphological and genetic stability of the regenerated plants are presented in details. A number of factors which could affect the efficiency of this technique are also pointed out. Based on the collected and analysed data, SE can be a useful option for virus and viroid elimination
Comparison of urinary excretion of radon from the human body before and after radon bath therapy
ÎČ1-3-glucan expression on phialidic conidia and accessory conidia.
<p>Staining for ÎČ1-3-glucan surface exposure on <i>A. fumigatus</i> conidia (A), <i>A. terreus</i> phialidic conidia (B) and <i>A. terreus</i> accessory conidia (C) was performed and evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Arrows denote the ÎČ1-3-glucan staining on accessory conidia.</p