Teaching Reading in Business Subjects

Anyone can read is the attitude of some people, even people who should know better. The fallacy of such an attitude is realized with the following analogy. Aristotle is known to have said, One learns to be a good flute player by playing the flute. One also learns to be a poor flute player by playing the flute. In the same way, one learns to be a good or poor reader by reading

Interobserver Reliability in the Histopathological Diagnosis of Cartilaginous Tumors in Patients with Multiple Osteochondromas

The distinction between benign and malignant cartilaginous tumors located peripherally in the bone may be a challenging task in surgical pathology. The aim of this study was to investigate inter-observer reliability in histological diagnosis of cartilaginous tumors in the setting of multiple osteochondromas and to evaluate possible histological parameters that could differentiate between osteochondroma, low- and high-grade secondary peripheral chondrosarcoma. Interobserver reliability was assessed by 12 specialized bone-tumor pathologists in a set of 38 cases. Substantial agreement on diagnosis among all the reviewers was observed (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.78).Our study confirmed that mitotic figures and nuclear pleomorphism are hallmarks of high-grade secondary peripheral chondrosarcoma. However, despite the substantial agreement, we demonstrated that histology alone cannot distinguish osteochondroma from low-grade secondary peripheral chondrosarcoma in the setting of multiple osteochondromas, since nodularity, the presence of binucleated cells, irregular calcification, cystic/mucoid changes and necrosis were not helpful to indicate malignant transformation of an osteochondroma. On the other hand, among the concordant cases, the cartilage cap in osteochondroma was significantly less thick than in low- and high-grade secondary peripheral chondrosarcoma. Therefore, our study showed that a multidisciplinary approach integrating clinical and radio graphical features and the size of the cartilaginous cap in combination with a histological assessment are crucial to the diagnosis of cartilaginous tumors