The ISA Lab workshop: a Project based learning iniciative

[EN] In the context of higher education in the XXI century, the different stakeholders (markets, firms, households, States) assume prospective University graduates will be responsible for providing solutions to the most challenging societal problems, delivering sustainable projects and contributing to improve the quality of life of citizenship controlling for the local but also global impact. Academic staff adapt their role continuously to foster students into the acquisition of competences and skills to better fulfill the societal demands.This paper deals with the process of conceptualization, design and implementation of a PBL workshop in an international and multidisciplinary environment. The ISA lab workshop was envisioned by an academic who ideated, planned, designed and empowered others into action. The result was the first edition of the ISA lab workshop, an international multidisciplinary workshop on sustainability.http://ocs.editorial.upv.es/index.php/HEAD/HEAD18Orozco-Messana, J.; De La Poza, E. (2018). The ISA Lab workshop: a Project based learning iniciative. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1593-1600. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD18.2018.8395OCS1593160

How and Why the Metric Management Model Is Unsustainable: The Case of Spanish Universities from 2005 to 2020

[EN] The metric management model is a method based on quantitative indicators called metrics and is used to evaluate individuals and organizations. Organizations' sustainability is related to risk and expectation concepts and both are, in turn, related to the metric management model (MMM). The main objective of the present research work is to analyze the MMM applied to the Spanish university system (SUS) and the propagation of its consequences. The secondary objective is to study alternatives to the metric management system applied to the SUS to avoid its negative socio-economic consequences. Our results reveal how applying the MMM to the SUS, based on the metric evaluation and the ranking monitor model, deteriorates research quality, students' levels of education and working people's well-being at university. Finally, university managerial boards, teased with the "mirror" of university rankings and the picture a simulacrum of reality, are still unaware of the damage.Jódar Sánchez, LA.; De La Poza, E. (2020). How and Why the Metric Management Model Is Unsustainable: The Case of Spanish Universities from 2005 to 2020. Sustainability. 12(15):1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156064S1191215Tsvetkova, E., & Lomer, S. (2019). Academic excellence as «competitiveness enhancement» in Russian higher education. International Journal of Comparative Education and Development, 21(2), 127-144. doi:10.1108/ijced-08-2018-0029Hazelkorn, E. (Ed.). (2016). Global Rankings and the Geopolitics of Higher Education. doi:10.4324/9781315738550Pietrucha, J. (2017). Country-specific determinants of world university rankings. Scientometrics, 114(3), 1129-1139. doi:10.1007/s11192-017-2634-1Olcay, G. A., & Bulu, M. (2017). Is measuring the knowledge creation of universities possible?: A review of university rankings. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 123, 153-160. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2016.03.029Casani, F., De Filippo, D., Garcia-Zorita, C., & Sanz-Casado, E. (2013). Public versus private universities: Assessment of research performance; case study of the Spanish university system. Research Evaluation, 23(1), 48-61. doi:10.1093/reseval/rvt028De la Torre, E. M., Gómez-Sancho, J.-M., & Perez-Esparrells, C. (2017). Comparing university performance by legal status: a Malmquist-type index approach for the case of the Spanish higher education system. Tertiary Education and Management, 23(3), 206-221. doi:10.1080/13583883.2017.1296966Levy, D. C. (2018). Global private higher education: an empirical profile of its size and geographical shape. Higher Education, 76(4), 701-715. doi:10.1007/s10734-018-0233-6Las Cifras de la Universidad Pública y la Universidad Privada en España: 1983–2016https://www.universidadsi.es/las-cifras-la-universidad-publica-la-universidad-privada-espana-1983-2016/Merry, S. E. (2011). Measuring the World. Current Anthropology, 52(S3), S83-S95. doi:10.1086/657241Fire, M., & Guestrin, C. (2019). Over-optimization of academic publishing metrics: observing Goodhart’s Law in action. GigaScience, 8(6). doi:10.1093/gigascience/giz053Biagioli, M. (2016). Watch out for cheats in citation game. Nature, 535(7611), 201-201. doi:10.1038/535201aFanelli, D. (2009). How Many Scientists Fabricate and Falsify Research? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Survey Data. PLoS ONE, 4(5), e5738. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005738Raafat, R. M., Chater, N., & Frith, C. (2009). Herding in humans. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(10), 420-428. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.08.002Goyanes, M., & Rodríguez-Gómez, E.-F. (2018). ¿Por qué publicamos? Prevalencia, motivaciones y consecuencias de publicar o perecer. El Profesional de la Información, 27(3), 548. doi:10.3145/epi.2018.may.08Burke-Smalley, L. A., Rau, B. L., Neely, A. R., & Evans, W. R. (2017). Factors perpetuating the research-teaching gap in management: A review and propositions. The International Journal of Management Education, 15(3), 501-512. doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2017.08.004Van Dalen, H. P., & Henkens, K. (2012). Intended and unintended consequences of a publish‐or‐perish culture: A worldwide survey. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63(7), 1282-1293. doi:10.1002/asi.22636Barómetro Juvenil de Vida y Salud 2017, Fundación Reina Sofia sobre Adolescencia y Juventud, Fundación de Ayuda a La Drogadicciónhttp://www.proyectoscopio.es/barometro/barometro-juvenil-de-vida-y-salud-2017Bell, A. S., Rajendran, D., & Theiler, S. (2012). Job stress, wellbeing, work-life balance and work-life conflict among Australian academics. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 8(1). doi:10.7790/ejap.v8i1.320Abramo, G., Cicero, T., & D’Angelo, C. A. (2011). The dangers of performance-based research funding in non-competitive higher education systems. Scientometrics, 87(3), 641-654. doi:10.1007/s11192-011-0355-4McIntosh, S., McKinley, J., Milligan, L. O., & Mikolajewska, A. (2019). Issues of (in)visibility and compromise in academic work in UK universities. Studies in Higher Education, 1-12. doi:10.1080/03075079.2019.1637846Dearden, J. A., Grewal, R., & Lilien, G. L. (2019). Strategic Manipulation of University Rankings, the Prestige Effect, and Student University Choice. Journal of Marketing Research, 56(4), 691-707. doi:10.1177/0022243719831258Carson, L., Bartneck, C., & Voges, K. (2013). Over-Competitiveness in Academia: A Literature Review. Disruptive Science and Technology, 1(4), 183-190. doi:10.1089/dst.2013.0013Kallio, K.-M., Kallio, T. J., Tienari, J., & Hyvönen, T. (2015). Ethos at stake: Performance management and academic work in universities. Human Relations, 69(3), 685-709. doi:10.1177/0018726715596802Albert, C., Davia, M. A., & Legazpe, N. (2015). Determinants of Research Productivity in Spanish Academia. European Journal of Education, 51(4), 535-549. doi:10.1111/ejed.12142Lee, I. (2012). Publish or perish: The myth and reality of academic publishing. Language Teaching, 47(2), 250-261. doi:10.1017/s0261444811000504Wessels, J. S. (2015). The human spirit as a necessary condition for higher education: a risk assessment. The Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa, 11(2). doi:10.4102/td.v11i2.7

Modelling Human Behaviour in the Digital Era: Economic and Social Impacts

[EN] This paper critically analyses the implications the digitalisation process has on individuals and organization `s behaviour. The digital era has positive aspects such as the access to information on real time from almost any geographical place combined with the shorten the length of time of processes. In addition, new economic trends and paradigms emerge in the digital era. However, we cannot deny the existence of negative or at least unexpected aspects of the digitalization. This work highlights some of the most alarming aspects of digitization that require the attention and implementation of measures by public authorities to prevent from the collateral damages the digitalisation can produce on citizenship well-being.De La Poza, E.; Jódar Sánchez, LA. (2019). Modelling Human Behaviour in the Digital Era: Economic and Social Impacts. Economics. 7(2):43-47. https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2019-0015S43477

The impact of Internet on the artist reputation

[EN] This work analyzes the relationship between the digital information provided by the search engine Google on the Internet and the volume of sales or revenues in the art market in order to quantify the variable artist's reputation. In particular, the usefulness of digital media information is analyzed to interpret past sales in the art market or, conversely, to estimate future sales in the short term. Finally, we study the ability of digital information to explain the volume of activity (number of lots sold) or what is the same the degree of liquidity of the secondary market of artworks.Castelló Fos, D.; De La Poza, E.; Guadalajara, N. (2016). The impact of Internet on the artist reputation. En CARMA 2016: 1st International Conference on Advanced Research Methods in Analytics. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 92-99. https://doi.org/10.4995/CARMA2016.2016.3643OCS929

Designing a programme for Sustainability in Vietnam: Smart Sustainable Vietnamese Cities, SSVC

[EN] This work deals with the design and development of the SSVC module, which is organised and implemented by European Higher Education Institutions in partnership with Vietnamese Universities. The reform of the Higher Education in Vietnam requires new pedagogical practices and methods which are used in the SSVC module. In addition, the  process of design must include the adjustment of the European content and pedagogical methods into Vietnamese circumstances. Finally, the programme needs to be piloted and assessed.http://ocs.editorial.upv.es/index.php/HEAD/HEAD18Rietbergen, M.; De La Poza, E.; Orozco-Messana, J. (2018). Designing a programme for Sustainability in Vietnam: Smart Sustainable Vietnamese Cities, SSVC. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1601-1606. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD18.2018.8396OCS1601160

Explaining shopping behavior in a market economy country: A short-term mathematical model applied to the case of Spain

[EN] In recent decades, pathological consumption has become a growing behavioral misbehavior. Impulsive consumption is governed by two internal behavioral mechanisms that respond fundamentally to the hedonism or Pascal effect and to the emulation or Veblen effect. Today's development of technology acts as a catalyst of consumption by increasing access and availability to products, as well as the advertisement impact. This paper presents a compartmental discrete matrix mathematical model that allows short-term estimates of ordinary, impulsive, and pathological buyers in Spain in three different economic scenarios. The results show that impulsive and pathological buyers will increase in all the economic scenarios. Notable differences in the number of ordinary buyers are found for the group aged over 65 years.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Grant/Award Numbers: Spanish MTM2017-89664-PMerello, P.; De La Poza, E.; Jódar Sánchez, LA. (2020). Explaining shopping behavior in a market economy country: A short-term mathematical model applied to the case of Spain. Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences. 43(14):8089-8104. https://doi.org/10.1002/mma.6072S808981044314Reith, G. (2004). Consumption and its discontents: addiction, identity and the problems of freedom. The British Journal of Sociology, 55(2), 283-300. doi:10.1111/j.1468-4446.2004.00019.xAlthofer J Musgrove B. “A Ghost in Daylight” Drugs and the Horror of Modernity. Basingstoke UK: Palgrave Communications; 2018 4 112.Hunter, K. M. B. (2016). Shopaholic stories: Tales of therapeutic addiction, governance, and political economy. Journal of Consumer Culture, 18(4), 497-519. doi:10.1177/1469540516684186Tsai, W. S., Yang, Q., & Liu, Y. (2013). Young Chinese Consumers’ Snob and Bandwagon Luxury Consumption Preferences. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 25(5), 290-304. doi:10.1080/08961530.2013.827081Leibenstein, H. (1950). Bandwagon, Snob, and Veblen Effects in the Theory of Consumers’ Demand. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 64(2), 183. doi:10.2307/1882692Ozen, H., & Engizek, N. (2014). Shopping online without thinking: being emotional or rational? Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 26(1), 78-93. doi:10.1108/apjml-06-2013-0066Ryabov, I. (2016). Conspicuous consumption among Hispanics: Evidence from the Consumer Expenditure Survey. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 44, 68-76. doi:10.1016/j.rssm.2016.02.003Raafat, R. M., Chater, N., & Frith, C. (2009). Herding in humans. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(10), 420-428. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.08.002Goldthorpe, J. H. (2015). Sociology as a Population Science. doi:10.1017/cbo9781316412565Haddad, W. M., Chellaboina, V., & Nersesov, S. G. (2002). Hybrid nonnegative and computational dynamical systems. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 8(6), 493-515. doi:10.1080/1024123021000066426García, I., Jódar, L., Merello, P., & Santonja, F.-J. (2011). A discrete mathematical model for addictive buying: Predicting the affected population evolution. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 54(7-8), 1634-1637. doi:10.1016/j.mcm.2010.12.012Edman, J., & Berndt, J. (2017). Oniomaniacs: the popular framing of consumption as a disease. Addiction Research & Theory, 26(6), 431-438. doi:10.1080/16066359.2017.1396585Kurt, D., Inman, J. J., & Gino, F. (2018). Religious shoppers spend less money. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 78, 116-124. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2018.03.019Mihić, M., Anić, I.-D., & Kursan Milaković, I. (2018). Time spent shopping and consumer clothing purchasing behaviour. Ekonomski pregled, 69(2), 89-105. doi:10.32910/ep.69.2.1Niesiobędzka, M. (2018). An experimental study of the bandwagon effect in conspicuous consumption. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 6(1), 26-33. doi:10.5114/cipp.2017.67896De la Poza, E., Guadalajara, N., Jódar, L., & Merello, P. (2013). Modeling Spanish anxiolytic consumption: Economic, demographic and behavioral influences. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 57(7-8), 1619-1624. doi:10.1016/j.mcm.2011.10.020Fischhoff, B., & Kadvany, J. (2011). Risk. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780199576203.001.0001Graham A.Kronocker Products and Matrix Calculus: With Applications. New York USA: John Wiley and Sons; 1981. a:22; b: 25; c:27.VENN, S., BURNINGHAM, K., CHRISTIE, I., & JACKSON, T. (2015). Consumption junkies or sustainable consumers: considering the grocery shopping practices of those transitioning to retirement. Ageing and Society, 37(1), 14-38. doi:10.1017/s0144686x15000975Müller, A., Mitchell, J. E., & de Zwaan, M. (2015). Compulsive buying. The American Journal on Addictions, 24(2), 132-137. doi:10.1111/ajad.12111Yi, S. (2013). Heterogeneity of compulsive buyers based on impulsivity and compulsivity dimensions: A latent profile analytic approach. Psychiatry Research, 208(2), 174-182. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.09.058Schlosser, S., Black, D. W., Repertinger, S., & Freet, D. (1994). Compulsive buying. General Hospital Psychiatry, 16(3), 205-212. doi:10.1016/0163-8343(94)90103-1Faber, R. J., & O’Guinn, T. C. (1992). A Clinical Screener for Compulsive Buying. Journal of Consumer Research, 19(3), 459. doi:10.1086/209315Ridgway, N. M., Kukar-Kinney, M., & Monroe, K. B. (2008). An Expanded Conceptualization and a New Measure of Compulsive Buying. Journal of Consumer Research, 35(4), 622-639. doi:10.1086/591108BelkRW.Third World Consumer Culture Marketing and Development Erdogan Kumuc and A. Fuat Firat eds. Greenwich CT: JAI; 1988 103‐127.Hoffman, D. L., & Novak, T. P. (1996). Marketing in Hypermedia Computer-Mediated Environments: Conceptual Foundations. 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(2016). ‘If it is not too expensive, then you can send me sugar’: money matters among migrants and their families. The History of the Family, 21(3), 350-367. doi:10.1080/1081602x.2016.1147372Bilgili, Ö. (2015). Economic Integration to Send Money Back Home? Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 13(4), 379-400. doi:10.1080/15562948.2015.1017630Essoo, N., & Dibb, S. (2004). Religious Influences on Shopping Behaviour: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Marketing Management, 20(7-8), 683-712. doi:10.1362/0267257041838728deLeonDiario. Pensión soledad y salud acaparan la preocupación de los jubilados. Available at:http://www.diariodeleon.es/noticias/sociedad/pension-soledad-salud-acaparan-preocupacion-jubilados_65124.html(Accessed 21.09.2018) (In Spanish).Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo. Remesas e inclusión financiera. (2016). Available at:https://publications.iadb.org/bitstream/handle/11319/7894/Remesas-e-inclusion-financiera-Analisis-de-una-encuesta-de-migrantes-de-America-Latina-y-el-Caribe-en-Espana.pdf?sequence=1(Accessed 07.12.2018) (In Spanish)Spanish Institute of Statistics. Available at:http://www.ine.es(Accessed 21.09.2018)Palma, M. A., Ness, M. L., & Anderson, D. P. (2016). Fashionable food: a latent class analysis of social status in food purchases. Applied Economics, 49(3), 238-250. doi:10.1080/00036846.2016.1194965Harnish, R. J., Bridges, K. R., & Karelitz, J. L. (2016). Compulsive Buying: Prevalence, Irrational Beliefs and Purchasing. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 15(5), 993-1007. doi:10.1007/s11469-016-9690-2Lam, L. T., & Lam, M. K. (2017). The association between financial literacy and Problematic Internet Shopping in a multinational sample. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 6, 123-127. doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2017.10.002Center for Sociological Research. Encuesta sobre religiosidad. Available at:http://www.cis.es/cis/export/sites/default/-Archivos/Marginales/2740_2759/2752/Cru275200EDAD.html(Accessed 05.01.2019) (In Spanish).Eurostat Indicator at‐risk of poverty rate of unemployed persons. Available at:https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tesem210&plugin=1(Accessed 05.01.2019)MacLaren, V. V., & Best, L. A. (2010). Multiple addictive behaviors in young adults: Student norms for the Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire. Addictive Behaviors, 35(3), 252-255. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.09.023Maraz, A., Griffiths, M. D., & Demetrovics, Z. (2016). The prevalence of compulsive buying: a meta-analysis. Addiction, 111(3), 408-419. doi:10.1111/add.13223Koran, L. M., Faber, R. J., Aboujaoude, E., Large, M. D., & Serpe, R. T. (2006). Estimated Prevalence of Compulsive Buying Behavior in the United States. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(10), 1806-1812. doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.10.1806Black, D. W. (2007). 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Modeling Political Corruption in Spain

[EN] Political corruption is a universal phenomenon. Even though it is a cross-country reality, its level of intensity and the manner of its effect vary worldwide. In Spain, the demonstrated political corruption cases that have been echoed by the media in recent years for their economic, judicial and social significance are merely the tip of the iceberg as regards a problem hidden by many interested parties, plus the shortage of the means to fight against it. This study models and quantifies the population at risk of committing political corruption in Spain by identifying and quantifying the drivers that explain political corruption. Having quantified the problem, the model allows changes to be made in parameters, as well as fiscal, economic and legal measures being simulated, to quantify and better understand their impact on Spanish citizenship. Our results suggest increasing women's leadership positions to mitigate this problem, plus changes in the political Parties' Law in Spain and increasing the judiciary system's budget.De La Poza, E.; Jódar Sánchez, LA.; Merello, P. (2021). Modeling Political Corruption in Spain. Mathematics. 9(9):1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/math90909521199

Modeling the Spread of Suicide in Greece

[EN] Suicide can be defined as the act of purposely ending one's life. The reasons that explain why people commit suicide are complex and encompass multiple and combined factors (demographic, economic, emotional, social). In recent years, deaths by suicide have increased incessantly in Greece, becoming a social problem. The aim of this study is to build a dynamic model through a system of difference equations that quantifies the number of hidden cases of suicide in Greece during the period July 2015 to January 2019. Then, the results obtained from computing the model are compared with the Spanish ones for the same period from previous research.De La Poza, E.; Jódar Sánchez, LA.; Douklia, G. (2019). Modeling the Spread of Suicide in Greece. Complex Systems. 28(4):475-489. https://doi.org/10.25088/ComplexSystems.28.4.475S47548928

Experiences in Transdisciplinary Education for the Sustainable Development of the Built Environment, the ISAlab Workshop

[EN] There is a growing recognition and acceptance that society needs to develop new pathways to achieve a more sustainable;future. Our current model of development poses significant challenges when it comes to achieving a more just society based on respect for nature and human rights, and demands a sustainable economy supported by a new circular model supporting the UN sustainable development goals. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) accordingly have developed Master programs that are responsible for providing fundamental services in the joint effort towards sustainability. Meanwhile, leading Universities around the world have developed other very relevant programs. The open and unstructured challenge of sustainability poses an obstacle to existing academic structures. Specifically, the built environment is one of the leading contributors to challenges addressed in the programs such as: Anthropogenic climate change, resource depletion, waste generation and pollution, poverty, and inequity. The Interdisciplinary Sustainable Architecture lab (ISAlab) explores these issues as part of a multidisciplinary approach involving the collaboration of leading Universities from different areas on the world through an innovative initiative. This paper explores the experiences of the ISAlab workshop, which has been taking place yearly in Valencia since 2017. The workshop draws together students from a range of disciplines from across engineering and science, law and the social sciences and from a range of countries and backgrounds, including North and South America, Europe, and Asia. Its purpose is to facilitate a rich co-creative learning environment led by (engineering) academic faculties from across Europe (Spain, the UK, France, Germany, Netherlands and Ireland) as well as North America (the US and Canada), as well as local experts who helped provide participants with appropriate context and guidance. The objective is educating future engineers that are capable of finding robust ways to implement sustainability at a practical level on the built environment, taking account of the multidisciplinary perspective and with the incentive of solving real-life problems.This research has been co-funded by the Erasmus+ KA2 program of the European Union under the "SAUNAC" project.Orozco-Messana, J.; De La Poza, E.; Calabuig-Moreno, R. (2020). Experiences in Transdisciplinary Education for the Sustainable Development of the Built Environment, the ISAlab Workshop. Sustainability. 12(3):1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031143S113123Maruna, M. (2019). Toward the Integration of SDGs in Higher Planning Education: Insights from Integrated Urbanism Study Program in Belgrade. Sustainability, 11(17), 4519. doi:10.3390/su11174519Fortuin, K. P. J. (Karen), & van Koppen, C. S. A. (Kris). (2015). Teaching and learning reflexive skills in inter- and transdisciplinary research: A framework and its application in environmental science education. Environmental Education Research, 22(5), 697-716. doi:10.1080/13504622.2015.1054264Balaras, C. A., Droutsa, K. G., Dascalaki, E. G., Kontoyiannidis, S., Moro, A., & Bazzan, E. (2019). Urban Sustainability Audits and Ratings of the Built Environment. Energies, 12(22), 4243. doi:10.3390/en12224243Olmos-Gómez, M. del C., Estrada-Vidal, L. I., Ruiz-Garzón, F., López-Cordero, R., & Mohamed-Mohand, L. (2019). Making Future Teachers More Aware of Issues Related to Sustainability: An Assessment of Best Practices. Sustainability, 11(24), 7222. doi:10.3390/su11247222Tejedor, G., Segalàs, J., & Rosas-Casals, M. (2018). Transdisciplinarity in higher education for sustainability: How discourses are approached in engineering education. Journal of Cleaner Production, 175, 29-37. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.085Riley, D. R., Thatcher, C. E., & Workman, E. A. (2006). Developing and applying green building technology in an indigenous community. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 7(2), 142-157. doi:10.1108/14676370610655922Akamatsu, D., Nakaya, M., & Koizumi, R. (2019). Effects of Metacognitive Strategies on the Self-Regulated Learning Process: The Mediating Effects of Self-Efficacy. Behavioral Sciences, 9(12), 128. doi:10.3390/bs9120128Aleksić, A., Načinović Braje, I., & Rašić Jelavić, S. (2019). Creating Sustainable Work Environments by Developing Cultures that Diminish Deviance. Sustainability, 11(24), 7031. doi:10.3390/su11247031There are no mistakes on the bandstand https://archive.org/details/StefonHarris_2011

Impact of the Germanwings Flight 9525 Air Crash: Financial Analysis and Relationship with the Media

On March 24, 2015, the largest air accident on the European continent of the last decade took place; the Germanwings Flight 9525 crashed. The main objective of this research is to determine the economic-financial impact of this air crash on the market stock price of the involved companies, Lufthansa airline, and its manufacturer Airbus. This study also contributes to determining whether the financial value of both companies was impacted by the media activity after the event. The primary methodology used is the event study methodology, applying both the market model and the Fama–French model. The results reveal that the impact of the Germanwings Flight 9525 on the financial value of the companies involved is different, since there is a significant effect on the financial value of Lufthansa under the market model, and this effect is immediate, but there is no significant effect on the financial value of Airbus with any of the models analyzed. In the same way, it happens when analyzing the impact of the media, since there is only a significant relationship between Lufthansa's share prices and the impact of media research with the market model. These results are important for the companies involved, and especially for their investors. It also shows that the manufacturing company is less vulnerable to the impact of the media, and it does not suffer significant losses on the stock market