Toekomst van arbeid, toekomst van arbeidsrecht

De wereld van werk is in diepe verandering door megatrends in de demografie en sociologie van de beroepsbevolking, in de economische globalisering en in technologische innovatie. ‘Werk 4.0’ fascineert en beroert de geesten. Maar wat betekent de toekomst van werk voor de toekomst van arbeidsrecht? Deze bijdrage herijkt het arbeidsrecht op de schaal van Werk 4.0. Ze argumenteert paradigmaveranderingen die de focus van het arbeidsrecht verschuiven naar activeringsrecht, loopbaanrecht, arbeidskwaliteitsrecht, talentrecht en activiteitsrecht. Ze schetst een verbreding van het arbeidsrecht in een context van transversale talentontwikkeling, alsook een verpersoonlijking van sociale bescherming. Deze bijdrage pleit ook voor nieuw sociaal overleg dat inspeelt op de nieuwe noden die de arbeidsveranderingen teweegbrengen. Ze trekt assen die toelaten om de toekomst van arbeid en arbeidsrecht als een positieve keuze te omarmen

The impact of assimilating along-track SLA data on simulated Eddy characteristics in the Agulhas system

The Agulhas Current System is a vital element of the global ocean-climate system by virtue of its role in the transfer of energy, nutrients and organic material. In the context of working towards better climate change projections, it is necessary to develop a robust understanding of the complex dynamical mechanisms which facilitate this transfer. Mesoscale cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies transport heat, salt, organic matter and nutrients from the Indian Ocean into the South Atlantic Ocean. In so doing, they are key drivers of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). As such, it is important that they are adequately simulated by numerical models in order to advance the accuracy of climate prediction. In the absence of spatially and temporally coherent observing systems, numerical models provide the capacity to describe the oceanographic conditions of the region. Given the complexity of the regional dynamics, and the challenges it presents to free-running numerical models, data assimilation is a valuable tool in improving simulation quality. An important step in this continuing process is the objective, quantitative evaluation of model configurations, such that they can be continuously refined. In this study, the impact of assimilating along-track sea level anomaly (SLA) data is investigated with regard to the simulation of mesoscale eddies in the Agulhas System. Two configurations of a Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) configuration are analysed; one free run (hereafter 'Free') and one with along-track SLA data from satellite altimetry assimilated (hereafter 'Assim.') via an Ensemble Optimal Interpolation (EnOI) data assimilation scheme. The results of these two configurations are compared with each other, and against a set of corresponding observational data from satellite altimetry (hereafter 'Aviso'). To this end, an automatic eddy detection and tracking algorithm is implemented, in order to quantify eddy characteristics in a coherent and consistent manner

Simulating the Coastal Ocean Circulation Near the Cape Peninsula Using a Coupled Numerical Model

A coupled numerical hydrodynamic model is presented for the Cape Peninsula region of South Africa. The model is intended to support a range of interdisciplinary coastal management and research applications, given the multifaceted socio-economic and ecological value of the study area. Calibration and validation are presented, with the model reproducing the mean circulation well. Maximum differences between modelled and measured mean surface current speeds and directions of 3.9 × 10−2 m s−1 and 20.7°, respectively, were produced near Cape Town, where current velocities are moderate. At other measurement sites, the model closely reproduces mean surface and near-bed current speeds and directions and outperforms a global model. In simulating sub-daily velocity variability, the model’s skill is moderate, and similar to that of a global model, where comparison is possible. It offers the distinct advantage of producing information where the global model cannot, however. Validation for temperature and salinity is provided, indicating promising performance. The model produces a range of expected dynamical features for the domain including upwelling and vertical current shear. Nuances in circulation patterns are revealed; specifically, the development of rotational flow patterns within False Bay is qualified and an eddy in Table Bay is identified

High natural killer cell number might identify stroke patients at risk of developing infections

Objective: To investigate early changes in leukocyte subsets and autonomic function as predictors of the development of poststroke infections. Methods: We assessed the time course of leukocyte subsets in the blood of 59 patients with acute ischemic stroke. We divided the patients into 2 groups: those who developed infections during the first 7 days after stroke onset and those who did not. We measured urinary norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations and pulse rate variability indices within 24 hours of admission. Results: We found that the number of circulating natural killer (NK) cells within the first hours after stroke was higher in stroke patients who developed infections (mean 435 cells/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI] 321-588) than in stroke patients who did not develop infections (mean 236 cells/mL; 95% CI 186-300; p = 0.001). This was followed by a decrease in all lymphocyte subsets from admission to day 1, varying between 22% and 40%, which was not seen in patients without poststroke infection (mean increase varied between 2% and 23%; all p <0.005). In the group that developed infections, pulse rate variability revealed a decreased high frequency component. These findings all remained significant after adjustment for age and stroke volume. Conclusions: High circulating NK cell count within the first hours after ischemic stroke onset followed by a drop in all lymphocyte subsets identified patients who developed infections and may be caused by a sympathovagal imbalance with sympathetic overweight. These findings need to be validated in larger studies

ATP Augments von Willebrand Factor-dependent Shear-induced Platelet Aggregation through Ca2+-Calmodulin and Myosin Light Chain Kinase Activation

peer reviewedShear stress triggers von Willebrand factor (VWF) binding to platelet glycoprotein Ibalpha and subsequent integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3)-dependent platelet aggregation. Concomitantly, nucleotides are released from plateletdense granules, and ADP is known to contribute to shear-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA). This study shows that ATP also contributes to SIPA. The ATP-gated P2X(1) ion channel induces MLC-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangements that increases platelet degranulation during VWF-triggered platelet activation