Revisión de los Gordiacea (Nematomorpha) de la colección de la Academia de Ciencias de California con descripción de una nueva especie

The Gordiacea of the California Academy of Sciences collection are studied. The specimens are included in the known species Gordius robustus Leidy, Pseudochordodes bedriagae (Camerano) and a new species, Neochordodes californensis n. sp. is proposed. Morphological, morphometric and geographical data are provided for these species.En este trabajo se estudian los Gordiacea de la colección de la California Academy of Sciences. Los ejemplares se incluyen en dos especies conocidas, Gordius robustus Leidy y Pseudochordodes bedriagae (Camerano), y una especie nueva: Neochordodes californensis n. sp. Se proporcionan datos morfológicos, morfométricos y geográficos para cada una de las especies

Evaluación de cultivares locales e introducidos de (RICINUS COMMUNIS L) higuerilla para condiciones de selva del Peru Región Ucayali 2011.

El experimento se instalo en el anexo experimental “Los Incas” de la Estación Experimental Agraria Pucallpa, departamento de Ucayali, provincia de Coronel Portillo, distrito de campo verde, el suelo donde se instalo el experimento es de altura o Ultisols. El diseño empleado fue de block completo randomizado con 04 tratamientos y 04 repeticiones, teniendo un total de 16 unidades experimentales, en un área de 1,881 m2. , los tratamientos evaluados fueron: T1 = Higuerilla BRS Nordestina, T2 = Higuerilla L1-003, T3 = Higuerilla L2-004 y T4 = Higuerilla L3-007. Se obtuvo como resultado que en las evaluaciones fenológicas en los cuatro cultivares donde para los parámetros agronómicos Higuerilla L3 – 007 e Higuerilla L 2-004, obtuvieron menor altura de planta al final del ciclo con 90 y 105 cm respectivamente siendo menor también en lo que corresponde a la altura de planta a la emisión del primer racimo que fue de 27.5 y 41 cm; asimismo el ecotipo Higuerilla L1 – 003 obtuvo 84 días a la emisión del primer racimo y 124 días a la cosecha del primer racimo siendo el más precoz con respecto a Higuerilla BRS Nordestina que obtuvo 147 días a la cosecha del primer racimo. Sin embargo en el parámetro de rendimiento de grano los ecotipos Higuerilla BRS Nordestina e Higuerilla L 2-004, rindieron un total de 602 y 524.8 kilos/ha respectivamente pero no superaron los 1,500 kg/ha

High NEFA concentrations around parturition are associated with delayed ovulations in grazing dairy cows

The objectives of this study were to assess indicators of metabolic status of grazing dairy cows around parturition, and the relationship between these indicators with the resumption of ovulations postpartum (ROP). Holstein multiparous cows (N=20) grazing on improved pastures and supplemented with concentrates were body condition scored and tail bled weekly from wk −2 through +9 related to parturition. Plasma samples were analyzed for nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), leptin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and progesterone (P4). Data were analyzed with mixed models, logistic regression, with receiver operator characteristic (ROC), and Cox regression analysis. Cows having Delayed Ovulation ([DO], ROP on week ≥5) had lower BCS, and higher NEFAs than cows having a normal ROP around parturition (BCS: 2.73±0.08 vs. 2.94±0.05, Pb0.05, and NEFA: 0.43±0.04 vs. 0.35±0.02 mM, Pb0.10, respectively). Also, DO cows had lower BCS than normal herdmates (2.59±0.10 vs. 2.99±0.06, Pb0.01) around time of ROP, but they had similar NEFA, leptin and IGF-1. The risk for DO increased as NEFA increased (0.4% and 0.5% per every increasing mM of NEFA in prepartum and postpartum, respectively). The ROC curve showed that NEFA (prepartum and postpartum) had areas of 0.85 and 0.80, and cut-off values of 0.39 and 0.47 mM. Finally, hazard for ROP increased as prepartum IGF-1 increased, and it decreased as postpartum NEFA increased. In conclusion, cows with lower BCS and higher prepartum and postpartum NEFA had higher odds for getting DO than herdmates with greater BCS and lower NEFA concentrations.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Aproximación a la evaluación neuropsicológica de demencia tipo alzheimer

La demencia es uno de los mayores problemas de salud a los cuales nos enfrentamos en el presente siglo aunque en cierta manera el problema siempre a existido, pero se ha incrementado el número total de personas ancianas con esta problemática. Una de las demencias con mayor incidencia, es el Alzheimer, problemática que en nuestra ciudad Cartagena no posee datos estadísticos de la población afectada, evidenciando que es una patología poco estudiada y tenida en cuenta. La poca información que se maneja al respecto es a nivel particular ( Médicos especialistas ). Todo esto nos permite observar que no existe personal capacitado para el correcto diagnostico y tratamiento de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Algunos síntomas de la enfermedad como la perdida de la memoria, deterioro cognoscitivo, confusión mental, dificultad para pensar, razonar e incapacidad para ocuparse de si mismo, requieren que se modifique el entorno de las personas enfermas no solo para su bienestar si no para el de la familia en general.Incluye bibliografí

Metritis in dairy cows: Risk factors and reproductive performance

The objectives of this study were to assess the risk factors for metritis, its effects on milk yield and on reproductive performance, and the efficacy of ceftiofur therapy in Holstein dairy cows. Cows (n. =. 303) from a commercial dairy herd in Argentina were studied. Cows were scored for body condition, and blood samples were collected on d -14, 7, 21, 31, 41, and 50 relative to parturition. Cows having a watery, purulent, or brown, and fetid vaginal discharge (VD) and rectal temperature ≤39.2°C were diagnosed as having clinical metritis, and those having a similar VD and rectal temperature >39.2°C were diagnosed as having puerperal metritis. Both clinical and puerperal metritis cows were randomly assigned to control (no treatment) or ceftiofur group (2.2. mg/kg. ×. 3 consecutive days). Cure was declared if clear VD was observed at 21 d in milk (DIM). Blood samples were analyzed for nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, and blood urea nitrogen using commercial kits, and for insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin, and leptin by RIA. Data were analyzed with PROC MIXED, GENMOD, PHREG, and LIFETEST from SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). The risk for metritis increased with dystocia, retained fetal membranes, and dead calf [AOR (adjusted odds ratio). =. 2.58, 95% CI: 1.189-5.559], and as prepartum nonesterified fatty acids levels increased (AOR. =. 1.001, 95% CI: 0.999-1.002). Conversely, risk decreased as prepartum insulin-like growth factor-1 increased (AOR. =. 0.65, 95% CI: 0.349-1.219). Cows having either clinical or puerperal metritis produced less milk by 90 DIM than did healthy cows (2,236. ±. 172 vs. 2,367. ±. 77 vs. 2,647. ±. 82 kg, respectively). Cows with puerperal metritis had lower risk for pregnancy by 100 DIM (AOR. =. 0.189, 95% CI: 0.070-0.479) and a lower hazard rate for pregnancy by 150 DIM (hazard rate: 0.753, 95% CI: 0.621-0.911), and took longer to get pregnant (129 vs. 111 vs. 109 d, for puerperal metritis, clinical metritis, and healthy cows, respectively). Ceftiofur treatment was not associated with cure rate or milk yield but was related to increased risk for pregnancy at timed artificial insemination (AOR. =. 2.688, 95% CI: 0.687-10.832), and for lower risk of reproductive cull (AOR. =. 0.121, 95% CI: 0.014-1.066). In conclusion, abnormal calving and negative energy balance are associated with increased risk for metritis. Metritis, especially puerperal metritis, correlates with reduced milk production and poor reproductive performance. Finally, the likelihood for having a normal VD (indicative of cure) increased 2.6% for every day of increase in postpartum time and was 2 times higher for cows with clinical metritis than for those with puerperal metritis.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Agreement and clinical comparison between a new swept-source optical coherence tomography-based optical biometer and an optical low-coherence reflectometry biometer

Purpose To compare measurements taken using a swept-source optical coherence tomography-based optical biometer (IOLmaster 700) and an optical low-coherence reflectometry biometer (Lenstar 900), and to determine the clinical impacts of differences in their measurements on intraocular lens (IOL) power predictions. Methods Eighty eyes of 80 patients scheduled to undergo cataract surgery were examined with both biometers. The measurements made using each device were axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), aqueous depth (AQD), lens thickness (LT), mean keratometry (MK), white-to-white distance (WTW), and pupil diameter (PD). Holladay 2 and SRK/T formulas were used to calculate IOL power. Differences in measurement between the two biometers were determined using the paired t-test. Agreement was assessed through intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland–Altman plots. Results Mean patient age was 76.3±6.8 years (range 59–89). Using the Lenstar, AL and PD could not be measured in 12.5 and 5.25% of eyes, respectively, while IOLMaster 700 took all measurements in all eyes. The variables CCT, AQD, LT, and MK varied significantly between the two biometers. According to ICCs, correlation between measurements made with both devices was excellent except for WTW and PD. Using the SRK/T formula, IOL power prediction based on the data from the two devices were statistically different, but differences were not clinically significant. Conclusions No clinically relevant differences were detected between the biometers in terms of their measurements and IOL power predictions. Using the IOLMaster 700, it was easier to obtain biometric measurements in eyes with less transparent ocular media or longer AL

Cellular proliferation rate and insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-2 and IGFBP-3 and estradiol receptor alpha expression in the mammary gland of dairy heifers naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes during development

Mammary ductal morphogenesis during prepuberty occurs mainly in response to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and estradiol stimulation. Dairy heifers infected with gastrointestinal nematodes have reduced IGF-1 levels, accompanied by reduced growth rate, delayed puberty onset, and lower parenchyma-stroma relationship in their mammary glands. Immunohistochemical studies were undertaken to determine variations in cell division rate, IGF-1 system components, and estradiol receptors (ESR) during peripubertal development in the mammary glands of antiparasitic-treated and untreated Holstein heifers naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. Mammary biopsies were taken at 20, 30, 40, and 70 wk of age. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunolabeling, evident in nuclei, tended to be higher in the parenchyma of the glands from treated heifers than in those from untreated. Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) type 2 and type 3 immunolabeling was cytoplasmic and was evident in stroma and parenchyma. The IGFBP2-labeled area was lower in treated than in untreated heifers. In the treated group, a maximal expression of this protein was seen at 40 wk of age, whereas in the untreated group the labeling remained constant. No differences were observed for IGFBP3 between treatment groups or during development. Immunolabeling for α ESR (ESR1) was evident in parenchymal nuclei and was higher in treated than in untreated heifers. In the treated group, ESR1 peaked at 30 wk of age and then decreased. These results demonstrate that the parasite burden in young heifers negatively influence mammary gland development, affecting cell division rate and parameters related to estradiol and IGF-1 signaling in the gland.Escuela de Agricultura y Ganadería "María Cruz y Manuel L. Inchausti

Cellular proliferation rate and insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-2 and IGFBP-3 and estradiol receptor alpha expression in the mammary gland of dairy heifers naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes during development

Mammary ductal morphogenesis during prepuberty occurs mainly in response to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and estradiol stimulation. Dairy heifers infected with gastrointestinal nematodes have reduced IGF-1 levels, accompanied by reduced growth rate, delayed puberty onset, and lower parenchyma-stroma relationship in their mammary glands. Immunohistochemical studies were undertaken to determine variations in cell division rate, IGF-1 system components, and estradiol receptors (ESR) during peripubertal development in the mammary glands of antiparasitic-treated and untreated Holstein heifers naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. Mammary biopsies were taken at 20, 30, 40, and 70 wk of age. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunolabeling, evident in nuclei, tended to be higher in the parenchyma of the glands from treated heifers than in those from untreated. Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) type 2 and type 3 immunolabeling was cytoplasmic and was evident in stroma and parenchyma. The IGFBP2-labeled area was lower in treated than in untreated heifers. In the treated group, a maximal expression of this protein was seen at 40 wk of age, whereas in the untreated group the labeling remained constant. No differences were observed for IGFBP3 between treatment groups or during development. Immunolabeling for α ESR (ESR1) was evident in parenchymal nuclei and was higher in treated than in untreated heifers. In the treated group, ESR1 peaked at 30 wk of age and then decreased. These results demonstrate that the parasite burden in young heifers negatively influence mammary gland development, affecting cell division rate and parameters related to estradiol and IGF-1 signaling in the gland.Escuela de Agricultura y Ganadería "María Cruz y Manuel L. Inchausti

Signatures of minor mergers in the Milky Way disc I: The SEGUE stellar sample

It is now known that minor mergers are capable of creating structure in the phase-space distribution of their host galaxy's disc. In order to search for such imprints in the Milky Way, we analyse the SEGUE F/G-dwarf and the Schuster et al. (2006) stellar samples. We find similar features in these two completely independent stellar samples, consistent with the predictions of a Milky Way minor-merger event. We next apply the same analyses to high-resolution, idealised N-body simulations of the interaction between the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy and the Milky Way. The energy distributions of stellar particle samples in small spatial regions in the host disc reveal strong variations of structure with position. We find good matches to the observations for models with a mass of Sagittarius' dark matter halo progenitor $\lessapprox 10^{11}$ M$_{\odot}$. Thus, we show that this kind of analysis could be used to provide unprecedentedly tight constraints on Sagittarius' orbital parameters, as well as place a lower limit on its mass.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables. Revised to reflect accepted versio