204 research outputs found
Resting frontal asymmetry and reward sensitivity theory motivational traits
The revised reinforcement sensitivity theory (rRST) of personality has conceptualized three main
systems: the behavioural approach system (BAS), behavioural inhibition system (BIS), and fightflight-
freeze system (FFFS). Research links greater relative left-frontal activity with BAS-related
tendencies and impulsivity and greater relative right-frontal activity with âwithdrawalâ motivation
that included both BIS and FFFS. Although rRST has addressed the separation of FFFS and BIS,
much of personality neuroscience research does not indicate which system is related to right frontal
activity. We administered the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ)
to measure the BAS and its facets (goal-drive persistence, reward interest, reward reactivity, and
impulsivity), BIS, and the withdrawal FFFS. We examined the association of RST-PQ traits with resting
electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha-asymmetry in female participants (N = 162) by considering the
influence of experimenterâs gender. In the total group, that included two subgroups with experimenters
of different gender, BAS-impulsivity was related to greater left- than right-frontal activity, and
FFFS, but not BIS, was related to greater relative right-frontocentral activity. These associations
remained significant for the subgroup with a young same-sex experimenter, but not with opposite-sex
experimenter
EEG resting asymmetries and frequency oscillations in approach/avoidance personality traits: a systematic review
Background: Brain cortical activity in resting electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings
can be considered as measures of latent individual disposition to approach/avoidance behavior.
This systematic review aims to provide an updated overview of the relationship between resting
EEG cortical activity and approach/avoidance motivation personality traits. Methods: The review
process was conducted according to the PRISMA-Statement, using PsycArticles, MEDLINE, Scopus,
Science Citation Index, and Research Gate database. Restrictions were made by selecting EEG studies
conducted in resting idling conditions, which included approach/avoidance personality traits or
parallel measures, and an index of EEG brain activity. In the review 50 studies were selected, wherein
7120 healthy adult individuals participated. Results: The study of the relationship between resting
EEG cortical activity and approach/avoidance personality traits provides controversial and unclear
results. Therefore, the validity of resting asymmetry or frequency oscillations as a potential marker for
approach/avoidance personality traits is not supported. Conclusions: There are important contextual
and interactional factors not taken into account by researchers that could mediate or moderate
this relationship or prove it scarcely replicable. Further, it would be necessary to conduct more
sessions of EEG recordings in different seasons of the year to test the validity and the reliability of the
neurobiological measures
Testing Zimbardoâs Stanford Time Perspective Inventory (STPI)-Short Form: An Italian study
ABSTRACT. In the present study the psychometric properties of the
Stanford Time Perspective Inventory (STPI â short version) are
assessed in an Italian sample. Factorial analysis of STPI items was
performed on 1507 respondents (965 women and 542 men). Results
showed a clear correspondence between factorial components and a
priori hypothesized dimensions by evidencing three factors (Future,
Hedonistic Present, Fatalistic Present). Italian translation of the STPI
indicates a fair degree of internal consistency and good metrological
characteristics. The present results parallel those previously reported
for an American sample. The present study, however, failed in
evidencing the âPastâ as a factor in the factor structure. The results
are discussed in terms of individual differences with respect to
the relationships between demographic variables and temporal
dimensions
Sex moderates the association between the COMT Val158Met single-nucleotide polymorphism and disorderliness facet of novelty seeking
Previous studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the effect of the Val158Met polymorphism of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene on personality and cognition. Here, nonclinical Caucasian university students of Italian origin were administered the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised, Tellegen Absorption Scale, Differential Attentional Processes Inventory, and Waterloo-Stanford Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility. We found that the COMT Val158Met polymorphism was significantly associated with the disorderliness facet of novelty seeking (NS4) and that sex was a moderator of this association. Females with the Met/Met genotype showed higher NS4 scores compared to those with the Val/Met and Val/Val genotypes. No significant genotype effect was found for males. Additionally, we failed to find a significant effect of the COMT gene on attention and hypnotic suggestibility measures. These results provide further evidence for a sex-specific influence on the gene-behaviour associations. Polymorphisms in dopamine system genes are reported to play a crucial role in influencing various aspects of plays a crucial role in influencing various aspects of personality traits and cognitive performance; however, previous studies have shown inconsistent results on the involvment of the functional Val158Met polymorphism of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene. In the present study, nonclinical Caucasian university students of Italian origin were administered the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised, Tellegen Absorption Scale, Differential Attentional Processes Inventory, and Waterloo-Stanford Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility. We found that the COMT Val158Met polymorphism was significantly associated with the disorderliness facet of novelty seeking (NS4) and that sex was a moderator of this association. Females with the Met/Met genotype showed higher NS4 scores compared to those with the Val/Met and Val/Val genotypes. In contrast, no significant genotype effect was found for males. Additionally, we failed to find a significant association of COMT enzyme activity with attention and hypnotic suggestibility measures. These results provide further evidence of a sex-specific influence on the gene-behaviour association
Chemosensory Event-Related Potentials and Power Spectrum could be A Possible Biomarker in 3M Syndrome Infants?
none10no3M syndrome is a rare disorder that involves the gene cullin-7 (CUL7). CUL7 modulates odour detection, conditions the olfactory response (OR) and plays a role in the development of the olfactory system. Despite this involvement, there are no direct studies on olfactory functional effects in 3M syndrome. The purpose of the present work was to analyse the cortical OR through chemosensory event-related potentials (CSERPs) and power spectra calculated by electroencephalogram (EEG) signals recorded in 3M infants: two twins (3M-N) and an additional subject (3M-O). The results suggest that olfactory processing is diversified. Comparison of N1 and Late Positive Component (LPC) indicated substantial differences in 3M syndrome that may be a consequence of a modified olfactory processing pattern. Moreover, the presence of delta rhythms in 3M-O and 3M-N clearly indicates their involvement with OR, since the delta rhythm is closely connected to chemosensory perception, in particular to olfactory perception.openInvitto, Sara; Grasso, Alberto; Lofrumento, Dario Domenico; Ciccarese, Vincenzo; Paladini, Angela; Paladini, Pasquale; Marulli, Raffaella; Pascalis, Vilfredo De; Polsinelli, Matteo; Placidi, GiuseppeInvitto, Sara; Grasso, Alberto; Lofrumento, Dario Domenico; Ciccarese, Vincenzo; Paladini, Angela; Paladini, Pasquale; Marulli, Raffaella; Pascalis, Vilfredo De; Polsinelli, Matteo; Placidi, Giusepp
Linear and nonlinear quantitative EEG analysis during neutral hypnosis following an opened/closed eye paradigm
Hypnotic susceptibility is a major factor influencing the study of the neural correlates of hypnosis using EEG. In this context, while its effects on the response to hypnotic suggestions are undisputed, less attention has been paid to âneutral hypnosisâ (i.e., the hypnotic condition in absence of suggestions). Furthermore, although an influence of opened and closed eye condition onto hypnotizability has been reported, a systematic investigation is still missing. Here, we analyzed EEG signals from 34 healthy subjects with low (LS), medium (MS), and (HS) hypnotic susceptibility using power spectral measures (i.e., TPSD, PSD) and Lempel-Ziv-Complexity (i.e., LZC, fLZC). Indeed, LZC was found to be more suitable than other complexity measures for EEG analysis, while it has been never used in the study of hypnosis. Accordingly, for each measure, we investigated within-group differences between rest and neutral hypnosis, and between opened-eye/closed-eye conditions under both rest and neutral hypnosis. Then, we evaluated between-group differences for each experimental condition. We observed that, while power estimates did not reveal notable differences between groups, LZC and fLZC were able to distinguish between HS, MS, and LS. In particular, we found a left frontal difference between HS and LS during closed-eye rest. Moreover, we observed a symmetric pattern distinguishing HS and LS during closed-eye hypnosis. Our results suggest that LZC is better capable of discriminating subjects with different hypnotic susceptibility, as compared to standard power analysis
Personality and temperament in the event-related potentials during stimulus recognition tasks
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