CONHECIMENTOS DE UNIVERSITÁRIOS DA ÁREA DA SAÚDE SOBRE CONTRACEPÇÃO E PREVENÇÃO DE DOENÇAS SEXUALMENTE TRANSMISSÍVEIS

Human sexuality is an important component in the individual’s formation. Sexuality has experienced important changes during human history, such as people’s access to information. In this sense we want to investigate the university students’ knowledge in the area of health at the Federal del Ceará University, Colombia regarding behaviors about contraception and STD prevention, since these future professionals will be an important source of information for the population. Data was obtained between May and June 2005 using a questionnaire of 12 objective questions about sexual education, sexual life and knowledge about pregnancy and STD prevention. Regarding information about sex, family, friends and school were the main sources of information. When asked if HIV could be transmitted through oral sex, 87.5% answered correctly, by responding that yes. There is certain knowledge about sexuality among the students. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of preventive knowledge regarding sexual health.La sexualidad humana es un componente importante en la formación del individuo. Sufrió importantes modificaciones a lo largo de la existencia de la vida humana, como la mayor divulgación de informaciones. Buscamos investigar el conocimiento de los universitarios del área de salud de la Universidad Federal del Ceará referente a las conductas de contracepción y prevención de DST, puesto que estas son una importante fuente de información para la población. La colecta de datos tuvo lugar entre mayo y junio de 2005 por medio de un cuestionario objetivo compuesto de 12 preguntas, acerca de la educación sexual, sexualidad y conocimiento en la prevención del embarazo no deseado y de DST. En cuanto a la orientación sexual, la familia, los amigos y la escuela fueron las principales fuentes de información. Preguntados si la transmisión del VIH se produce a través de sexo oral, 87,5% respondió correctamente al afirmar la cuestión como verdadera. Percibimos cierto conocimiento sobre la sexualidad entre los estudiantes, no obstante todavía hay carencias sobre algunos aspectos preventivos de salud sexual.A sexualidade humana é um importante componente na formação do indivíduo. Esta sofreu importantes modificações ao longo da existência da vida humana, como uma maior divulgação de informações. Assim, buscamos investigar o conhecimento de universitários da área da saúde acerca das condutas de contracepção e prevenção de DST, já que estes são importante fonte de informação para a população. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre maio e junho de 2005 por meio de questionário objetivo com 12 questões, abordando dados relacionados à orientação sexual, sexualidade e conhecimento sobre prevenção de DST e gravidez indesejada. Quanto à orientação sexual a família, amigos e a escola foram as principais fontes de informação. Questionados se a transmissão do HIV ocorre através de sexo oral, 87,5% responderam corretamente ao afirmar a questão como verdadeira. Percebemos certo conhecimento sobre a sexualidade entre os universitários, porém ainda há carências sobre alguns aspectos preventivos da saúde sexua

Conhecimentos de universitários da area da saúde sobre contracepçao e prevençao de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis

La sexualidad humana es un componente importante en la formación del individuo. Sufrió importantes modificaciones a lo largo de la existencia de la vida humana, como la mayor divulgación de informaciones. Buscamos investigar el conocimiento de los universitarios del área de salud de la Universidad Federal del Ceará referente a las conductas de contracepción y prevención de DST, puesto que estas son una importante fuente de información para la población. La colecta de datos tuvo lugar entre mayo y junio de 2005 por medio de un cuestionario objetivo compuesto de 12 preguntas, acerca de la educación sexual, sexualidad y conocimiento en la prevención del embarazo no deseado y de DST. En cuanto a la orientación sexual, la familia, los amigos y la escuela fueron las principales fuentes de información. Preguntados si la transmisión del VIH se produce a través de sexo oral, 87,5% respondió correctamente al afirmar la cuestión como verdadera. Percibimos cierto conocimiento sobre la sexualidad entre los estudiantes, no obstante todavía hay carencias sobre algunos aspectos preventivos de salud sexual.A sexualidade humana é um importante componente na formação do indivíduo. Esta sofreu importantes modificações ao longo da existência da vida humana, como uma maior divulgação de informações. Assim, buscamos investigar o conhecimento de universitários da área da saúde acerca das condutas de contracepção e prevenção de DST, já que estes são importante fonte de informação para a população. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre maio e junho de 2005 por meio de questionário objetivo com 12 questões, abordando dados relacionados à orientação sexual, sexualidade e conhecimento sobre prevenção de DST e gravidez indesejada. Quanto à orientação sexual a família, amigos e a escola foram as principais fontes de informação. Questionados se a transmissão do HIV ocorre através de sexo oral, 87,5% responderam corretamente ao afirmar a questão como verdadeira. Percebemos certo conhecimento sobre a sexualidade entre os universitários, porém ainda há carências sobre alguns aspectos preventivos da saúde sexual

Apixaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack: A subgroup analysis of the ARISTOTLE trial

Background: In the ARISTOTLE trial, the rate of stroke or systemic embolism was reduced by apixaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Patients with AF and previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) have a high risk of stroke. We therefore aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of apixaban compared with warfarin in prespecified subgroups of patients with and without previous stroke or TIA. Methods: Between Dec 19, 2006, and April 2, 2010, patients were enrolled in the ARISTOTLE trial at 1034 clinical sites in 39 countries. 18 201 patients with AF or atrial flutter were randomly assigned to receive apixaban 5 mg twice daily or warfarin (target international normalised ratio 2·0-3·0). The median duration of follow-up was 1·8 years (IQR 1·4-2·3). The primary efficacy outcome was stroke or systemic embolism, analysed by intention to treat. The primary safety outcome was major bleeding in the on-treatment population. All participants, investigators, and sponsors were masked to treatment assignments. In this subgroup analysis, we estimated event rates and used Cox models to compare outcomes in patients with and without previous stroke or TIA. The ARISTOTLE trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NTC00412984. Findings: Of the trial population, 3436 (19%) had a previous stroke or TIA. In the subgroup of patients with previous stroke or TIA, the rate of stroke or systemic embolism was 2·46 per 100 patient-years of follow-up in the apixaban group and 3·24 in the warfarin group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·76, 95% CI 0·56 to 1·03); in the subgroup of patients without previous stroke or TIA, the rate of stroke or systemic embolism was 1·01 per 100 patient-years of follow-up with apixaban and 1·23 with warfarin (HR 0·82, 95% CI 0·65 to 1·03; p for interaction=0·71). The absolute reduction in the rate of stroke and systemic embolism with apixaban versus warfarin was 0·77 per 100 patient-years of follow-up (95% CI -0·08 to 1·63) in patients with and 0·22 (-0·03 to 0·47) in those without previous stroke or TIA. The difference in major bleeding with apixaban compared with warfarin was 1·07 per 100 patient-years (95% CI 0·09-2·04) in patients with and 0·93 (0·54-1·32) in those without previous stroke or TIA. Interpretation: The effects of apixaban versus warfarin were consistent in patients with AF with and without previous stroke or TIA. Owing to the higher risk of these outcomes in patients with previous stroke or TIA, the absolute benefits of apixaban might be greater in this population. Funding: Bristol-Myers Squibb and Pfizer. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd

Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation

BACKGROUND: Vitamin K antagonists are highly effective in preventing stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation but have several limitations. Apixaban is a novel oral direct factor Xa inhibitor that has been shown to reduce the risk of stroke in a similar population in comparison with aspirin. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind trial, we compared apixaban (at a dose of 5 mg twice daily) with warfarin (target international normalized ratio, 2.0 to 3.0) in 18,201 patients with atrial fibrillation and at least one additional risk factor for stroke. The primary outcome was ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke or systemic embolism. The trial was designed to test for noninferiority, with key secondary objectives of testing for superiority with respect to the primary outcome and to the rates of major bleeding and death from any cause. RESULTS: The median duration of follow-up was 1.8 years. The rate of the primary outcome was 1.27% per year in the apixaban group, as compared with 1.60% per year in the warfarin group (hazard ratio with apixaban, 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66 to 0.95; P<0.001 for noninferiority; P = 0.01 for superiority). The rate of major bleeding was 2.13% per year in the apixaban group, as compared with 3.09% per year in the warfarin group (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.80; P<0.001), and the rates of death from any cause were 3.52% and 3.94%, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.99; P = 0.047). The rate of hemorrhagic stroke was 0.24% per year in the apixaban group, as compared with 0.47% per year in the warfarin group (hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.75; P<0.001), and the rate of ischemic or uncertain type of stroke was 0.97% per year in the apixaban group and 1.05% per year in the warfarin group (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.13; P = 0.42). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with atrial fibrillation, apixaban was superior to warfarin in preventing stroke or systemic embolism, caused less bleeding, and resulted in lower mortality. Copyright © 2011 Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved