102 research outputs found
Sexuality in organizations: An approach based on Georges Batailleâs theory of eroticism
International audiencePurpose â This article aims to examine the theme of âsexuality in organizationsâ according to the theory of eroticism of Georges Bataille (1897-1962).Design/methodology/approach â The author reviewed Batailleâs essays in order to identify the salient points of his analysis of eroticism, before applying them to the organizations.Findings â The anthropologic notions of prohibition and transgression (antagonistic yet complementary) facilitate a different view of the opposition formulated in critical management studies as between desexualization and resexualization. These notions also open up quite a number of lines of research in the analysis of the sexuality of organizations.Research limitations/implications â These lines of research call for further work particularly in the basic ground work.Originality/value â Georges Batailleâs insights have been used very rarely in organizational analysis, even those of critical stream in management. The theme of sexuality in organizations has been largely ignored by mainstream
Depressive symptoms among survivors of Ebola virus disease in Conakry (Guinea): preliminary results of the PostEboGui cohort
Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990â2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
BACKGROUND: Measurement of changes in health across locations is useful to compare and contrast changing epidemiological patterns against health system performance and identify specific needs for resource allocation in research, policy development, and programme decision making. Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we drew from two widely used summary measures to monitor such changes in population health: disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE). We used these measures to track trends and benchmark progress compared with expected trends on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI).
METHODS: We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost and years of life lived with disability for each location, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using age-specific death rates and years of life lived with disability per capita. We explored how DALYs and HALE differed from expected trends when compared with the SDI: the geometric mean of income per person, educational attainment in the population older than age 15 years, and total fertility rate.
FINDINGS: The highest globally observed HALE at birth for both women and men was in Singapore, at 75·2 years (95% uncertainty interval 71·9-78·6) for females and 72·0 years (68·8-75·1) for males. The lowest for females was in the Central African Republic (45·6 years [42·0-49·5]) and for males was in Lesotho (41·5 years [39·0-44·0]). From 1990 to 2016, global HALE increased by an average of 6·24 years (5·97-6·48) for both sexes combined. Global HALE increased by 6·04 years (5·74-6·27) for males and 6·49 years (6·08-6·77) for females, whereas HALE at age 65 years increased by 1·78 years (1·61-1·93) for males and 1·96 years (1·69-2·13) for females. Total global DALYs remained largely unchanged from 1990 to 2016 (-2·3% [-5·9 to 0·9]), with decreases in communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) disease DALYs offset by increased DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The exemplars, calculated as the five lowest ratios of observed to expected age-standardised DALY rates in 2016, were Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the Maldives, Peru, and Israel. The leading three causes of DALYs globally were ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and lower respiratory infections, comprising 16·1% of all DALYs. Total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rates due to most CMNN causes decreased from 1990 to 2016. Conversely, the total DALY burden rose for most NCDs; however, age-standardised DALY rates due to NCDs declined globally.
INTERPRETATION: At a global level, DALYs and HALE continue to show improvements. At the same time, we observe that many populations are facing growing functional health loss. Rising SDI was associated with increases in cumulative years of life lived with disability and decreases in CMNN DALYs offset by increased NCD DALYs. Relative compression of morbidity highlights the importance of continued health interventions, which has changed in most locations in pace with the gross domestic product per person, education, and family planning. The analysis of DALYs and HALE and their relationship to SDI represents a robust framework with which to benchmark location-specific health performance. Country-specific drivers of disease burden, particularly for causes with higher-than-expected DALYs, should inform health policies, health system improvement initiatives, targeted prevention efforts, and development assistance for health, including financial and research investments for all countries, regardless of their level of sociodemographic development. The presence of countries that substantially outperform others suggests the need for increased scrutiny for proven examples of best practices, which can help to extend gains, whereas the presence of underperforming countries suggests the need for devotion of extra attention to health systems that need more robust support.
FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Measurement of the (eta c)(1S) production cross-section in proton-proton collisions via the decay (eta c)(1S) -> p(p)over-bar
The production of the state in proton-proton collisions is probed via its decay to the final state with the LHCb detector, in the rapidity range GeV/c. The cross-section for prompt production of mesons relative to the prompt cross-section is measured, for the first time, to be at a centre-of-mass energy TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.7 fb, and at TeV using 2.0 fb. The uncertainties quoted are, in order, statistical, systematic, and that on the ratio of branching fractions of the and decays to the final state. In addition, the inclusive branching fraction of -hadron decays into mesons is measured, for the first time, to be , where the third uncertainty includes also the uncertainty on the inclusive branching fraction from -hadron decays. The difference between the and meson masses is determined to be MeV/c.The production of the state in proton-proton collisions is probed via its decay to the final state with the LHCb detector, in the rapidity range . The cross-section for prompt production of mesons relative to the prompt cross-section is measured, for the first time, to be at a centre-of-mass energy using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.7Â fb , and at using 2.0Â fb . The uncertainties quoted are, in order, statistical, systematic, and that on the ratio of branching fractions of the and decays to the final state. In addition, the inclusive branching fraction of -hadron decays into mesons is measured, for the first time, to be , where the third uncertainty includes also the uncertainty on the inclusive branching fraction from -hadron decays. The difference between the and meson masses is determined to be .The production of the state in proton-proton collisions is probed via its decay to the final state with the LHCb detector, in the rapidity range GeV/c. The cross-section for prompt production of mesons relative to the prompt cross-section is measured, for the first time, to be at a centre-of-mass energy TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.7 fb, and at TeV using 2.0 fb. The uncertainties quoted are, in order, statistical, systematic, and that on the ratio of branching fractions of the and decays to the final state. In addition, the inclusive branching fraction of -hadron decays into mesons is measured, for the first time, to be , where the third uncertainty includes also the uncertainty on the inclusive branching fraction from -hadron decays. The difference between the and meson masses is determined to be MeV/c
Search for CP violation using T-odd correlations in D-0 -> K+K-pi(+)pi(-) decays
A search for violation using -odd correlations is performed using the four-body decay, selected from semileptonic decays. The data sample corresponds to integrated luminosities of and recorded at the centre-of-mass energies of 7 TeV and 8 TeV, respectively. The -violating asymmetry is measured to be . Searches for violation in different regions of phase space of the four-body decay, and as a function of the decay time, are also presented. No significant deviation from the conservation hypothesis is found
Measurement of CP asymmetry in B-s(0) -> D-s(-/+) K--/+ decays
We report on measurements of the time-dependent CP violating observables in decays using a dataset corresponding to 1.0 fb of pp collisions recorded with the LHCb detector. We find the CP violating observables , , , , , where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. We use these observables to make the first measurement of the CKM angle in decays, finding = (115) modulo 180 at 68% CL, where the error contains both statistical and systematic uncertainties.We report on measurements of the time-dependent CP violating observables in B âââD K decays using a dataset corresponding to 1.0 fb of pp collisions recorded with the LHCb detector. We find the CP violating observables C = 0.53±0.25±0.04, A â=â0.37â±â0.42â±â0.20, , S = â1.09±0.33±0.08, , where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. Using these observables together with a recent measurement of the B mixing phase â2ÎČ leads to the first extraction of the CKM angle Îł from B âââD K decays, finding Îłâ=â(115 )° modulo 180° at 68% CL, where the error contains both statistical and systematic uncertainties.We report on measurements of the time-dependent CP violating observables in decays using a dataset corresponding to 1.0 fb of pp collisions recorded with the LHCb detector. We find the CP violating observables , , , , , where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. Using these observables together with a recent measurement of the mixing phase leads to the first extraction of the CKM angle from decays, finding = (115) modulo 180 at 68% CL, where the error contains both statistical and systematic uncertainties
Search for the lepton flavour violating decay tau(-) -> mu(-)mu(+)mu(-)
A search for the lepton flavour violating decay is performed with the LHCb experiment. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and 2.0 fb at 8 TeV. No evidence is found for a signal, and a limit is set at 90% confidence level on the branching fraction, .A search for the lepton flavour violating decay Ï â ÎŒ ÎŒ ÎŒ is performed with the LHCb experiment. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and 2.0 fb at 8 TeV. No evidence is found for a signal, and a limit is set at 90% confidence level on the branching fraction, .A search for the lepton flavour violating decay is performed with the LHCb experiment. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of and at . No evidence is found for a signal, and a limit is set at confidence level on the branching fraction,
Barbarie et pulsion de mort dans les organisations
International audienceLâobjet de ce chapitre est de se demander si on peut repĂ©rer les effets de la barbarie dans les organisations Ă partir des notions freudiennes de pulsion de mort et de culture. Le concept de pulsion de mort est inventĂ© par Freud en 1920 dans « Au-delĂ du principe de plaisir ». Il le conduit Ă rĂ©amĂ©nager sa thĂ©orie des pulsions et il est ensuite au coeur de son ouvrage mi-philosophique mi-psychanalytique de 1930, Malaise dans la culture, qui fait partie de ses ouvrages majeurs de psychologie sociale. La barbarie est alors dĂ©finie comme ce qui sâoppose Ă la civilisation ou Ă la culture. Câest ce lien qui est mobilisĂ© ici dans lâanalyse des organisations. Dans un premier temps, le rapport entre la barbarie comme nĂ©gation de la culture et la pulsion de mort est examinĂ©e sous lâangle thĂ©orique de la pensĂ©e freudienne et de quelques-uns de ses successeurs. Dans une deuxiĂšme partie, le repĂ©rage de la pulsion de mort et de ses effets destructeurs dans les organisations et dans la sociĂ©tĂ© est effectuĂ© dâabord Ă partir de la notion dâ « organisation psychotique » puis par la mise en relation des phĂ©nomĂšnes gĂ©nocidaires, des licenciements de masse et de la souffrance au travail
La critique du travail par le courant de la Wertkritik (critique de la valeur)
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Les limites des analyses et préconisations pour la gestion des « risques psychosociaux » dans les organisations en France : quel apport la pensée anthropologique de Georges Bataille pourrait-elle constituer ?
Le dĂ©veloppement de troubles psychosociaux dans les organisations pouvant aller jusquâau suicide au travail a donnĂ© lieu ces derniĂšres annĂ©es Ă de nombreuses publications, analyses et prĂ©conisations (souvent dans des rapports officiels) et Ă des dĂ©cisions conventionnelles ou rĂ©glementaires. Leurs limites pourraient-elles ĂȘtre dĂ©passĂ©es par le recours Ă la pensĂ©e de lâĂ©crivain français Georges Bataille (1897-1962)? Ses notions anthropologiques de « dĂ©pense », de « souveraineté » et de « communication » sont sollicitĂ©es dans cette note de recherche pour penser autrement les « risques psychosociaux » et pour suggĂ©rer des pistes pour un management respectueux de lâhumanitĂ© des hommes au travail.The development of psychosocial disorders in organizations, sometimes resulting in work-related suicide, has lately given rise to a spate of publications, analyses and recommendations (often in official reports) and to decisions both contractual and statutory. Could their limitations be overcome by referring to the works of the French writer Georges Bataille (1897-1962)? His anthropological notions of âexpenseâ, âsovereigntyâ and âcommunicationâ are used in this paper to rethink âpsychosocial risksâ and to suggest ways of management which respect the humanity of the working-man.El desarrollo de trastornos psicosociales en las organizaciones que pueden dar lugar a suicidios en el ĂĄmbito laboral, viene dando lugar estos Ășltimos años a numerosas publicaciones, anĂĄlisis y preconizaciones (a menudo en informes oficiales) y a ciertas decisiones convencionales o reglamentarias. ÂżSe podrĂan superar los lĂmites de Ă©stos recurriendo al pensamiento del escritor francĂ©s Georges Bataille (1897-1962)? Sus nociones antropolĂłgicas de « gasto », « soberanĂa » y « comunicaciĂłn » son solicitadas en esta nota de investigaciĂłn para pensar de forma diferente los « riesgos psicosociales » y para sugerir pistas para una Ciencia Administrativa respetuosa de la humanidad de los hombres en el trabajo
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