Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Edible Mushrooms

Wild edible mushrooms have a high nutritional property that has been consumed by people from different parts of the world, producing a wide variety of bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, peptides, glycoproteins, triterpenoids, lipids, and their derivatives. In the world, multidrug-resistant pathogens have been increasing drastically, and it is very urgent to search for alternative solutions to fight against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Moreover, unhealthy foods, ultraviolet radiation, as well as other environmental effects, are responsible for generating free radicals, oxidative stress, and numerous health diseases. Hence, the wild edible mushroom could be an alternative source of new antimicrobial potential and possesses antioxidant properties that can play significant roles in preventing various health diseases. In this book chapter, we focus on investigating the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of wild edible mushrooms and their bioactive compound production

Nuclear Effectors in Plant Pathogenic Fungi

AbstractThe nuclear import of proteins is a fundamental process in the eukaryotes including plant. It has become evident that such basic process is exploited by nuclear effectors that contain nuclear localization signal (NLS) and are secreted into host cells by fungal pathogens of plants. However, only a handful of nuclear effectors have been known and characterized to date. Here, we first summarize the types of NLSs and prediction tools available, and then delineate examples of fungal nuclear effectors and their roles in pathogenesis. Based on the knowledge on NLSs and what has been gleaned from the known nuclear effectors, we point out the gaps in our understanding of fungal nuclear effectors that need to be filled in the future researches

Bacterial diversity of Murlen National Park located in Indo-Burman Biodiversity hotspot region: A metagenomic approach

Paired end Illumina Mi-Seq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicon was carried out to study the bacterial community in the soil of Murlen National Park located in Indo-Burman Biodiversity hotspot region. Metagenome consisted of 302,416 reads with 151.81 Mb data and G + C content of 56.48%. More than 85% sequence was having a Phred score >=Q30 and individual sequence length was 251 bp. Metagenome sequence data are available at NCBI under the Bioproject database with accession no. SRP057136. Community metagenomics revealed a total of 1802 species belonging to 29 different phyla dominated by Acidobacteria (39.45%), Proteobacteria (26.95%) and Planctomycetes (7.81%). Our data detected a wide group of bacterial community which will be useful in further isolating and characterizing the economic importance of bacteria from this region

Illumina based whole mitochondrial genome of Junonia iphita reveals minor intraspecific variation

In the present study, the near complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Junonia iphita (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae) was determined to be 14,892 bp. The gene order and orientation are identical to those in other butterfly species. The phylogenetic tree constructed from the whole mitogenomes using the 13 protein coding genes (PCGs) defines the genetic relatedness of the two J. iphita species collected from two different regions. All the Junonia species clustered together, and were further subdivided into clade one consisting of J. almana and J. orithya and clade two comprising of the two J. iphita which were collected from Indo and Indochinese subregions separated by river barrier. Comparison between the two J. iphita sequences revealed minor variations and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms were identified at 51 sites amounting to 0.4% of the entire mitochondrial genome

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Dominant bacterial phyla in caves and their predicted functional roles in C and N cycle

List of the genes codes for enzymes involved in carbohydrate degradation identified using PICRUSt. Table S2. List of the homologs of methanogenesis-associated genes that were identified from the five cave sediments using PICRUSt. Table S3. List of the genes coding for enzymes involved in nitrogen cycle identified using PICRUSt. Table S4. Pearson correlation (PC) between physiochemical factors with the dominant bacterial phyla. Table S5. Pearson correlation (PC) between physiochemical factors with the bacterial diversity. Figure S1. Bioplot generated for the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of 20 geochemical variables. Cave samples are shown as colored symbols and physicochemical variables are represented by green lines. Figure S2. Relative abundance of the functional genes present in the cave samples. (DOCX 122 kb

Report from the 10th International Congress on Extremophiles

Scientists across the world extensively working on various concepts of extraterrestrial life and life on earth, many astrobiological investigations are on to completely decipher the correlation of astrobiology and biology. Extremophiles are the best suited model organisms due to their unique characteristics of thriving in extreme conditions i.e. temperature, salt conditions, polar niches, extremely toxic environments, organic solvents, heavy metals, radiation areas and many more other habitats those have been considered as unreceptive for life and life forms for a long. The metabolomics and genomics of these unique organisms in the modern age of advance molecular biology with next generation sequencing (NGS) has come up with promising results opening new vistas of basic, applied and industrial research globally. The International Society for Extremophiles (ISE) is a community of scientists dedicating their research on these unique microbes worldwide to understand the complexities of extremophiles. During last two decades the extremophilic research has got the momentum all over the world, especially amongst the thermal biologists, astrobiologists, space scientists and enzyme industries

Investigations on microbial diversity of Jakrem hot spring, Meghalaya, India using cultivation-independent approach

Jakrem hot water spring is located in the West Khasi Hill District of the state of Meghalaya, and is one of the most popular hot springs of the state. There is a populist belief among the inhabitants and people that the hot spring water has got curative properties against various skin ailments. This is the first report on V3 hyper-variable region of 16S rDNA metagenome sequence employing Illumina platform to profile the microbial community of this less known hot spring from Meghalaya, India. Metagenome comprised of 10, 74,120 raw sequences with a sequence length of 151 bp and 56.35% G + C content. Metagenome sequence information is now available at NCBI, SRA database accession no. SRP056897. A total of 8, 77, 364 pre-processed reads were clustered into 694 OTUs (operational taxonomical units) comprising of 14 bacterial phyla including unknown phylum demonstrating 49 families. Hot spring bacterial community is dominated by Firmicutes (61.60%), Chloroflexi (21.37%), Cyanobacteria (12.96%) and unclassified bacteria (1.2%) respectively

First report of bacterial community from a Bat Guano using Illumina next-generation sequencing

V4 hypervariable region of 16S rDNA was analyzed for identifying the bacterial communities present in Bat Guano from the unexplored cave — Pnahkyndeng, Meghalaya, Northeast India. Metagenome comprised of 585,434 raw Illumina sequences with a 59.59% G+C content. A total of 416,490 preprocessed reads were clustered into 1282 OTUs (operational taxonomical units) comprising of 18 bacterial phyla. The taxonomic profile showed that the guano bacterial community is dominated by Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria and Crenarchaeota which account for 70.73% of all sequence reads and 43.83% of all OTUs. Metagenome sequence data are available at NCBI under the accession no. SRP051094. This study is the first to characterize Bat Guano bacterial community using next-generation sequencing approach

Illumina-based analysis of bacterial community in Khuangcherapuk cave of Mizoram, Northeast India

Bacterial community of the Khuangcherapuk cave sediment was assessed by Illumina amplicon sequencing. The metagenome comprised of 533,120 raw reads with an average base quality (Phred score) 36.75 and G + C content is 57.61%. A total of 18 bacterial phyla were detected with following abundant genus — Mycobacterium (21.72%), Rhodococcus (7.09%), Alteromonas (1.42%), Holomonas (0.7%) and Salinisphaera (0.20%). Majority portion of the sequences (68%) is unclassified at the genus level indicating the possibilities for the presence of novel species in this cave. This study reports the cave bacterial diversity from the biodiversity hotspot region of Eastern Himalayas. Metagenome sequence data are available at NCBI under the Bioproject database with accession no. SRP056890