Efectos de la monitorización individual del consumo de combustible en trayectos cotidianos

En este artículo, se presenta una metodología para elaborar índices de satisfacción normalizados, que tengan en cuenta estas diferencias y permitan determinar el grado de cumplimiento de las expectativas de los viajeros en distintos aspectos de la calidad.Los resultados muestran que el ahorro de combustible desde el momento en que un conductor realiza un tramo desconocido hasta el momento en que está acostumbrado a él es de un 8%. Estos resultados justifican la optimización de la gestión de infraestructuras, de forma que se produzca un ahorro global en el consumo de todos los usuarios que las utiliza

On Balance: Intelligence Democratization in Post-Franco Spain

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2018.146658

Correlation between seabirds and fisheries varies by species at fine-scale pattern

Understanding how fisheries influence seabird distribution is critical in the development of sustainable fisheries management. Species distribution models were applied to analyse the influence of the fishing footprint, discards, and oceanographic factors on seabird attendance patterns to trawlers in the Gulf of Cadiz. More than 30 species of seabirds were attracted to trawlers, although only seven were registered with relatively high frequency and abundance. For these species, fishery footprint was a good predictor for the distribution of four out of seven (yellow-legged gull, lesser black-backed gull, northern gannet, and Cory's shearwater). Yellow-legged and lesser black-backed gull flocked in large numbers to trawlers, mostly in shallow areas where they were also attracted by purse seines. Northern gannets and Cory's shearwaters appeared with relatively high frequency and their distributions correlated with trawler effort and abundance of potential prey discards. Balearic shearwaters were attracted in low numbers and concentrated in shallow areas, where potential prey discards were also more abundant. For these three species, discards as surrogate of natural prey distribution were good predictors of trawler attendance. Our research revealed that, at a local scale, the degree of interaction of seabirds on fishing discards varies by species. Therefore, fine-scale studies are essential in identifying interactions between seabirds and fisheries, and thus assessing conservation issues such as bycatch or the consequences of discard bans.This research has been carried out within the framework of the ECOFISH project: Eco-innovative strategies for sustainable fishing in the Gulf of Cadiz SPA. This initiative has been supported by the Biodiversity Foundation, the Ministry for Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge, through the Pleamar Program, co-financed by the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF) [grant number: 2019016/PV/PLEAMAR18/PT; 2020-013/PV/PLEAMAR19/PT; 2020-055/PV/PLEAMAR20/PT; 2021/PV/PLEAMAR2021/PT]

La disputa por la ciencia en el conflicto socioambiental del Mar Menor

This article aims to draw attention to the impact of the reproduction of inequality in the global agri-food chain as one of the potential causes of the profound ecological impact of intensive agriculture on the Mar Menor. After describing the diagnoses of the agrarian and environmental coalitions and exploring the discrepancy between, on the one hand, the conflict between the coalitions on the diagnosis and, on the other hand, the scientific consensus on the causes of the contamination of the Mar Menor, the importance of power relations in global value chains and emotional attachments to territory and agriculture are described in an attempt to understand some of the positions in the conflict.  Este artículo pretende llamar la atención sobre el impacto de la reproducción de la desigualdad en la cadena global agroalimentaria como una de las potenciales causas del profundo impacto ecológico de la agricultura intensiva sobre el Mar Menor. Tras describir los diagnósticos de las coaliciones agraria y ambiental y explorar la discrepancia acerca de, por un lado, el conflicto entre las coaliciones sobre el diagnóstico y, por otro lado, el consenso científico acerca de las causas de la contaminación del Mar Menor, describimos la importancia de las relaciones de poder en las cadenas globales de valor y las vinculaciones emocionales al territorio y a la agricultura para tratar de entender algunas de las posiciones en el conflicto

The dispute over science in the Mar Menor socio-environmental conflict

Este artículo pretende llamar la atención sobre el impacto de la reproducción de la desigualdad en la cadena global agroalimentaria como una de las potenciales causas del profundo impacto ecológico de la agricultura intensiva sobre el Mar Menor. Tras describir los diagnósticos de las coaliciones agraria y ambiental y explorar la discrepancia acerca de, por un lado, el conflicto entre las coaliciones sobre el diagnóstico y, por otro lado, el consenso científico acerca de las causas de la contaminación del Mar Menor, describimos la importancia de las relaciones de poder en las cadenas globales de valor y las vinculaciones emocionales al territorio y a la agricultura para tratar de entender algunas de las posiciones en el conflicto.The article attempts to situate the socio-environmental conflict ofthe Mar Menor in a fundamental dispute over the configuration of the meaning of environmental sustainability of agricultural practices. The configuration of sustainability is open to a political, cultural and social dispute that takes place in the productive space, but also in the political, institutional and associative space of the region. In this dispute, the actors involved (companies and associations of the sector, regional institutions, municipalities, social movements, environmental associations, neighborhood associations, etc.) mobilize different types of resources, values and knowledge; and, on the other hand, they directly or indirectly express different conceptions of the relationship between nature, economy and society. Within this general framework, the article aims to explore how the agrarian coalition has mobilized the creation of organizations and the production of scientific knowledge in order to promote its own model of ecological transition

Higher incidence of adverse events in isolated patients compared with non-isolated patients: A cohort study

Objective To determine whether isolated patients admitted to hospital have a higher incidence of adverse events (AEs), to identify their nature, impact and preventability. Design Prospective cohort study with isolated and non-isolated patients. Setting One public university hospital in the Valencian Community (southeast Spain). Participants We consecutively collected 400 patients, 200 isolated and 200 non-isolated, age =18 years old, to match according to date of entry, admission department, sex, age (±5 years) and disease severity from April 2017 to October 2018. Exclusion criteria: patients age <18 years old and/or reverse isolation patients. Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome as the AE, defined according to the National Study of Adverse Effects linked to Hospitalisation (Estudio Nacional Sobre los Efectos Adversos) criteria. Cumulative incidence rates and AE incidence density rates were calculated. Results The incidence of isolated patients with AEs 16.5% (95% CI 11.4% to 21.6%) compared with 9.5% (95% CI 5.4% to 13.6%) in non-isolated (p<0.03). The incidence density of patients with AEs among isolated patients was 11.8 per 1000?days/patient (95%?CI 7.8 to 15.9) compared with 4.3 per 1000?days/patient (95%?CI 2.4 to 6.3) among non-isolated patients (p<0.001). The incidence of AEs among isolated patients was 18.5% compared with 11% for non-isolated patients (p<0.09). Among the 37 AEs detected in 33 isolated patients, and the 22 AEs detected in 19 non-isolated patients, most corresponded to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) for both isolated and non-isolated patients (48.6% vs 45.4%). There were significant differences with respect to the preventability of AEs, (67.6% among isolated patients compared with 52.6% among non-isolated patients). Conclusions AEs were significantly higher in isolated patients compared with non-isolated patients, more than half being preventable and with HAIs as the primary cause. It is essential to improve training and the safety culture of healthcare professionals relating to the care provided to this type of patient