Wild Boar Attack – A Case Report of a Wild Boar Inflfl icted Injury and Treatment

Croatia is a relatively safe country in regards to wild animal attacks and trauma to humans, even though there are a few reported cases of wild animal attacks on humans almost every year. As a bio-diversity hot-spot it is inhabited by a few wild animal species that are known to attack humans and cause serious, sometimes even fatal injuries to humans throughout the world, such as wolves, brown bears and wild boars. We present a case of a recent wild boar attack on a human – a hunter that occurred in central Croatia in the year 2012. The injured person was a part of a group of hunters involved in a drive hunt on wild boars. He sustained a 4 cm long laceration of the left knee by a wounded male wild boar. After the surgical and antibiotic treatment he recovered completely and without any complications

Characterisation of pseudorabies virus in domestic pigs and wild boars in Croatia

Serological data imply that pseudorabies (Aujeszky’s disease) is present in domestic pigs and wild boars in Croatia. Therefore, this study included testing of brain tissue samples collected from 200 domestic pigs and 105 wild boars originating from seventeen districts of Croatia. The presence of pseudorabies virus (PrV) DNA was confirmed in samples originating from six domestic pigs (3%) and one wild boar (0.95%). Positive samples were sequenced and analysed on the basis of a gC genome fragment. PrV strains have shown to be genetically identical and they are strongly related to some representative strains in the relatively heterogeneous Clade A. The results clearly show that PrV is still circulating among the domestic pig population in Croatia. Furthermore, the presence of pseudorabies virus in wild boars underlines the importance of this species as a PrV reservoir. Continued surveillance is necessary to track the viral spread in order to achieve final eradication of the disease

Molekularna epidemiologija infekcije vrstom Mycobacterium tuberculosis u goveda i ljudi - prikaz slučaja.

We describe a case of transmission of Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis infection from a man to cattle. M. tuberculosis was isolated from the bronchial lymph nodes of a heifer that reacted positively to bovine tuberculin but showed no gross pathological changes at slaughter. The cattle owner died of tuberculosis the same year the heifer was diagnosed with M. tuberculosis infection. M. tuberculosis strains isolated from the heifer and its owner were genotyped by mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units - variable number tandem repeat (MIRUVNTR) typing, which revealed identical MIRU profiles for both isolates. This is the first described case of M. tuberculosis infection in cattle and the first case of human-to-animal transmission of M. tuberculosis in Croatia.Opisan je slučaj prijenosa zaraze vrstom Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis s čovjeka na govedo. M. tuberculosis je izdvojen iz bronhalnih limfnih čvorova junice koja je pozitivno reagirala na tuberkulin, a prilikom klanja nisu utvrđene patomorfološke promjene karakteristične za tuberkulozu. Iste godine vlasnik goveda je preminuo od posljedica tuberkuloze. Izolati M. tuberculosis iz goveda i čovjeka bili su genotipizirani pomoću metode određivanja promjenjivog broja opetovanih sljedova nukleotida (engl. mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units - variable-number tandem repeat [MIRU-VNTR]) i u oba je slučaja bio utvrđen identičan rezultat genotipizacije. Ovo je prvi opisani slučaj zaraze vrstom M. tuberculosis u goveda i prvi slučaj prijenosa ove bolesti s čovjeka na govedo u Hrvatskoj

Dokaz serovarova Leptospira spp. u divljih svinja (Sus scrofa) kontinentalnog dijela Hrvatske

Over a period of five years (2002-2007) a total of 351 wild boar (Sus scrofa) serum samples were collected during regular hunting procedures. All samples were tested by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the presence of specific antibodies (AB) to 12 Leptospira spp. serovars. At different sera dilutions (ranging from 100 to 3200) 112 samples (31.9%) were found positive to at least one pathogenic serovar, and AB to nine Leptospira spp. serovars were detected: Australis, Pomona, Tarassovi, Sejroe, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Ballum, Saxkoebing, and Bataviae. In total we recorded 147 positive reactions of which the majority (N = 101; 68.7%) were found positive at basic dilution (BD = 100), whereas 31.3% (N = 46) reactions were detected positive at higher dilutions. The most frequent serovar was Australis (33.3%), followed by the serovars Pomona (21.8%) and Tarassovi (14.3%), whilst the serovars Australis and Pomona recorded the highest AB titer (3200) and showed statistically significant frequency in cross-reactions (recorded in 23.8% cases). We found significant differences between AB prevalence in different age groups, with the highest distinction between detected positive samples in piglets (21.5%) and adult specimens (50.8%). According to the aerial distribution, the highest percentage of positive wild boar samples originated from lowland habitats in regions of Posavina (Novska - 46.8%, Kutina - 45.3%) and Slavonija and Baranja (Tikveš - 43.6%). Considering the fact that the wild boar population in Croatia is showing a constant tendency to grow, further research is indispensable to clarify the role of wild boar in the transmission of leptospirosis to other wild and domestic species.Tijekom perioda od pet godina (2002.-2007.) ukupno je pregledan 351 uzorak seruma divljih svinja (Sus scrofa) iz kontinentalnoga područja Hrvatske. Uzorci su prikupljeni tijekom uobičajenih lovnih aktivnosti te su bili pretraženi mikroskopskom aglutinacijom na prisutnost specifičnih protutijela za 12 različitih serovara Leptospira spp. Pri različitim razrjeđenjima seruma (u rasponu od 100 do 3200) u 112 uzoraka (31,9%) ustanovljena je pozitivna serološka reakcija na najmanje jedan patogeni serovar. Ukupno smo utvrdili protutijela za devet serovara Leptospira spp. kako slijedi: Australis, Pomona, Tarassovi, Sejroe, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Ballum, Saxkoebing i Bataviae. Većinski udio od 68,7% (N = 101) ukupno utvrđenih pozitivnih reakcija (N = 147) registriran je pri osnovnom razrjeđenju (OR = 100), dok je preostali dio 31,3% (N = 46) pozitivnih reakcija zabilježen pri većim razrjeđenjima. Kao najučestaliji serovar u serumu divljih svinja izdvojili smo Australis (33,3%), a potom su slijedili Pomona (21,8%) i Tarassovi (14,3%). Serovarovi Australis i Pomona iskazali su najviši titar protutijela (3200), kao i statistički značajnu učestalost pojavljivanja u ”međureakcijama” ko-aglutinacije, koje su zabilježene u 23,8% slučajeva. Utvrdili smo značajne razlike u prevalenciji specifičnih protutijela s obzirom na dobne razrede divljih svinja, tako da je najveća razlika između pozitivnih seroloških reakcija utvrđena pri komparaciji prasadi (21,5%) i odraslih jedinki (50,8%). S obzirom na prostornu raspodjelu najviši postotak pozitivnih uzoraka u kontinentalnoj populaciji divljih svinja ustanovljen je u nizinskim područjima Posavine (Novska - 46,8%, Kutina - 45,3%) te Slavonije i Baranje (Tikveš - 43,6%). S obzirom na činjenicu da brojnost populacije divljih svinja u Hrvatskoj iskazuje tendenciju konstantnog rasta, nužnost daljnjih epidemioloških istraživanja uloge divljih svinja u prijenosu leptospiroze nameće se kao budući imperativ