Circumplex Models with Multivariate Time Series: An Idiographic Approach

The circumplex model posits a circular representation of affect and some personality traits. There is an increasing need to examine the viability of the circumplex model with multivariate time series data collected on the same individuals due to the development of new data collection methods such as smartphone applications and wearable sensors. Estimating the circumplex model with time series data is more complex than with cross-sectional data because scores at nearby time points tend to be correlated. We adapt Browne’s circumplex model to accommodate time series data. We illustrate the proposed method with an empirical data set of daily affect ratings of an individual over 70 days. We conducted a simulation study to explore the statistical properties of the proposed method. The results show that the method provides more satisfactory confidence intervals and test statistics than a method that treats time series data as if they were cross-sectional data.</p

Linkage analysis of disease, DRT, and bivariate trait with the three cities dataset: ELOD (A) and power (percentage (LOD3)) (B)

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "A power study of bivariate LOD score analysis of a complex trait and fear/discomfort with strangers"</p><p></p><p>BMC Genetics 2005;6(Suppl 1):S113-S113.</p><p>Published online 30 Dec 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1866825.</p><p></p

Alkoxide Migration at a Nickel(II) Center Induced by a π‑Acidic Ligand: Migratory Insertion versus Metal–Ligand Cooperation

Two pathways of alkoxide migration occurring at a nickel­(II) center supported by a PPP ligand (PPP⁻ = P­[2-P^<i>i</i>Pr₂-C₆H₄]₂^–) are presented in this Article. In the first route, the addition of a π-acidic ligand to a (PPP)Ni alkoxide species reveals the formation of a P–O bond. This reaction occurs via metal–ligand cooperation (MLC) involving a 2-electron reduction at nickel. To demonstrate a P–O bond formation, a nickel­(II) isopropoxide species (PPP)­Ni­(O^<i>i</i>Pr) (<b>4</b>) was prepared. Upon addition of a π-acidic isocyanide ligand CN^<i>t</i>Bu, a nickel(0) isocyanide species (PP^O<i>i</i>PrP)­Ni­(CN^<i>t</i>Bu) (<b>6b</b>) was generated; P–O bond formation occurred via reductive elimination (RE). When CO is present, migratory insertion (MI) occurs instead. The reaction of <b>4</b> with CO­(g) results in the formation of (PPP)­Ni­(COO^<i>i</i>Pr) (<b>5</b>), representing an alternative pathway. The corresponding RE product (PP^O<i>i</i>PrP)­Ni­(CO) (<b>6a</b>) can be independently produced from the substitution reaction of {(PP^O<i>i</i>PrP)­Ni}₂(μ-N₂) (<b>3</b>) with CO­(g). While two different carbonylation pathways in <b>4</b> seem feasible, C–O bond forming migratory insertion singly occurs. Regeneration of a (PPP)Ni moiety via a P–O bond cleavage was demonstrated by treating <b>3</b> with CO₂(g). The formation of (PPP)­Ni­(OCOO^<i>i</i>Pr) (<b>7</b>) clearly shows that an isopropoxide group migrates onto the bound CO₂ ligand, and a P–Ni moiety is regenerated

Alkoxide Migration at a Nickel(II) Center Induced by a π‑Acidic Ligand: Migratory Insertion versus Metal–Ligand Cooperation

Two pathways of alkoxide migration occurring at a nickel­(II) center supported by a PPP ligand (PPP⁻ = P­[2-P^<i>i</i>Pr₂-C₆H₄]₂^–) are presented in this Article. In the first route, the addition of a π-acidic ligand to a (PPP)Ni alkoxide species reveals the formation of a P–O bond. This reaction occurs via metal–ligand cooperation (MLC) involving a 2-electron reduction at nickel. To demonstrate a P–O bond formation, a nickel­(II) isopropoxide species (PPP)­Ni­(O^<i>i</i>Pr) (<b>4</b>) was prepared. Upon addition of a π-acidic isocyanide ligand CN^<i>t</i>Bu, a nickel(0) isocyanide species (PP^O<i>i</i>PrP)­Ni­(CN^<i>t</i>Bu) (<b>6b</b>) was generated; P–O bond formation occurred via reductive elimination (RE). When CO is present, migratory insertion (MI) occurs instead. The reaction of <b>4</b> with CO­(g) results in the formation of (PPP)­Ni­(COO^<i>i</i>Pr) (<b>5</b>), representing an alternative pathway. The corresponding RE product (PP^O<i>i</i>PrP)­Ni­(CO) (<b>6a</b>) can be independently produced from the substitution reaction of {(PP^O<i>i</i>PrP)­Ni}₂(μ-N₂) (<b>3</b>) with CO­(g). While two different carbonylation pathways in <b>4</b> seem feasible, C–O bond forming migratory insertion singly occurs. Regeneration of a (PPP)Ni moiety via a P–O bond cleavage was demonstrated by treating <b>3</b> with CO₂(g). The formation of (PPP)­Ni­(OCOO^<i>i</i>Pr) (<b>7</b>) clearly shows that an isopropoxide group migrates onto the bound CO₂ ligand, and a P–Ni moiety is regenerated

A Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for Imaging Endogenous ONOO^– near NMDA Receptors in Neuronal Cells and Hippocampal Tissues

In this study, we developed a two-photon fluorescent probe for detection of peroxynitrite (ONOO^–) near the <i>N</i>-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. This naphthalimide-based probe contains a boronic acid reactive group and an ifenprodil-like tail, which serves as an NMDA receptor targeting unit. The probe displays high sensitivity and selectivity, along with a fast response time in aqueous solution. More importantly, the probe can be employed along with two-photon fluorescence microscopy to detect endogenous ONOO^– near NMDA receptors in neuronal cells as well as in hippocampal tissues. The results suggest that the probe has the potential of serving as a useful imaging tool for studying ONOO^– related diseases in the nervous system

A Far-Red-Emitting Fluorescence Probe for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Peroxynitrite in Live Cells and Tissues

In this study, the far-red-emitting fluorescence probe <b>1</b>, containing a rhodamine derivative and a hydrazide reactive group, was developed for peroxynitrite detection and imaging. This probe, which is cell permeable and shows high sensitivity and selectivity in fluorometric detection of peroxynitrite over other ROS/RNS, was successfully utilized to detect exogenous and endogenous peroxynitrite in HeLa and RAW 264.7 cells, respectively. More importantly, <b>1</b> can also be used to detect endogenous peroxynitrite generated in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (PAO1)-infected mouse bone marrow-derived neutrophils. We anticipate that the new probe will serve as a powerful molecular imaging tool in investigations of the role(s) played by peroxynitrite in a variety of physiological and pathological contexts

Correction to “Cyanine-Based Fluorescent Probe for Highly Selective Detection of Glutathione in Cell Cultures and Live Mouse Tissues”

Correction to “Cyanine-Based Fluorescent Probe for Highly Selective Detection of Glutathione in Cell Cultures and Live Mouse Tissues

Nanostructured Phthalocyanine Assemblies with Protein-Driven Switchable Photoactivities for Biophotonic Imaging and Therapy

Switchable phototheranostic nanomaterials are of particular interest for specific biosensing, high-quality imaging, and targeted therapy in the field of precision nanomedicine. Here, we develop a “one-for-all” nanomaterial that self-assembles from flexible and versatile phthalocyanine building blocks. The nanostructured phthalocyanine assemblies (NanoPcTBs) display intrinsically unique photothermal and photoacoustic properties. Fluorescence and reactive oxygen species generation can be triggered depending on a targeted, protein-induced, partial disassembly mechanism, which creates opportunities for low-background fluorescence imaging and activatable photodynamic therapy. <i>In vitro</i> evaluations indicate that NanoPcTB has a high selectivity for biotin receptor-positive cancer cells (e.g., A549) compared to biotin receptor-negative cells (e.g., WI38-VA13) and permits a combined photodynamic and photothermal therapeutic effect. Following systemic administration, the NanoPcTBs accumulate in A549 tumors of xenograft-bearing mice, and laser irradiation clearly induces the inhibition of tumor growth