Principal coordinate analysis showing the clustering of antimicrobial resistance genes by livestock, municipal and low impact environmental samples.

<p>Antimicrobial resistance genes were detected among cattle (n = 12), low impact environment (n = 8), municipal (n = 12) and swine (n = 12) pooled samples. Data points are colored as follows: green = cattle, red = low impact environment, black = municipal and blue = swine.</p

Venn diagram showing the number of specific genes identified by sample source.

<p>One gene common to cattle and swine samples and one gene common to low impact and municipal samples were not shown on the Venn diagram. The two genes are common to circles that cannot intersect in this diagram.</p

Number of cattle (n = 12), low impact environment (n = 8), municipal (n = 12) and swine (n = 12) pooled samples harboring specific antimicrobial resistance genes.

<p>Number of cattle (n = 12), low impact environment (n = 8), municipal (n = 12) and swine (n = 12) pooled samples harboring specific antimicrobial resistance genes.</p

Model adjusted prevalence (%) of <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> species from cattle (n = 48), low impact environment (n = 32), municipal (n = 46) and swine (n = 48) samples^a.

<p>^aDifferent superscripts across rows indicate statistically significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05) differences between pair of sample sources. Bonferroni adjusted for multiple comparisons. For prevalence values of 0 or 100% the logistic regression models did not converge. In those instances exact binomial 95% confidence intervals were used for pairwise comparisons.</p><p>^bAbbreviations: 3GC^r = third generation cephalosporin resistant; COT^r = trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistant; NAL^r = nalidixic acid resistant; ERY^r = erythromycin resistant</p><p>Model adjusted prevalence (%) of <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> species from cattle (n = 48), low impact environment (n = 32), municipal (n = 46) and swine (n = 48) samples<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0132586#t001fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

Box plot showing median distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes detected per pooled sample among cattle (n = 12), low impact environment (n = 8), municipal (n = 12) and swine (n = 12) samples.

<p>The bold horizontal lines represent the median. The whiskers represent the upper and lower adjacent values. Superscripts have been assigned to the median. Different superscripts indicate statistically significant (P = 0.0001) differences between pairs of sample sources.</p

Model adjusted mean log₁₀ count of <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp from cattle, municipal, and swine samples^a.

<p>^aDifferent superscripts across rows indicate statistically significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05) differences between pair of sample sources. Bonferroni adjusted for multiple comparisons.</p><p>^bAbbreviations: n = number of samples; 3GC^r = third generation cephalosporin resistant; COT^r = trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistant; ERY^r = erythromycin resistant.</p><p>Model adjusted mean log₁₀ count of <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp from cattle, municipal, and swine samples<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0132586#t002fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p