Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and its relationship to depressive symptoms in first-year university students

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of and factors influencing premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in first-year students at a university health campus and to evaluate the relationship between depression and PMS. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a population of 618 university students from March to June 2016 at Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey. Data were collected using the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), Beck Depression Inventory and Student Identification Form. The data were analyzed with Version 20.0 of the Statistical Package for the Social Science. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s chi-square test, and Chi-square test for trend, and independent samples t test and logistic regression analysis were used. Results: The prevalence of PMS in the university students was 58.1%. Premenstrual syndrome was significantly higher in students who smoked, drink alcohol, and consumed a large amount of fatty and high-calorie foods, in students who had a bad to very bad perception of their economic situation, and those who had any chronic disease or anemia (p less than 0.05). Premenstrual syndrome was significantly higher in students who had a risk of depression (p less than 0.01). A statistically significant relationship was determined between the risk of depression and PMSS total score and all PMSS subscale scores except for appetite changes (p less than 0.01). Conclusion: Premenstrual syndrome was found in more than half of the students who participated in the study. Premenstrual syndrome was higher in students who had a chronic disease and/or an unhealthy lifestyle. There was a statistically significant relationship between PMS and risk of depression. Students who have PMS symptoms should be evaluated for the risk of depression

Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and its relationship to depressive symptoms in first-year university students

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of and factors influencing premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in first-year students at a university health campus and to evaluate the relationship between depression and PMS. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a population of 618 university students from March to June 2016 at Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey. Data were collected using the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), Beck Depression Inventory and Student Identification Form. The data were analyzed with Version 20.0 of the Statistical Package for the Social Science. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s chi-square test, and Chi-square test for trend, and independent samples t test and logistic regression analysis were used. Results: The prevalence of PMS in the university students was 58.1%. Premenstrual syndrome was significantly higher in students who smoked, drink alcohol, and consumed a large amount of fatty and high-calorie foods, in students who had a bad to very bad perception of their economic situation, and those who had any chronic disease or anemia (p less than 0.05). Premenstrual syndrome was significantly higher in students who had a risk of depression (p less than 0.01). A statistically significant relationship was determined between the risk of depression and PMSS total score and all PMSS subscale scores except for appetite changes (p less than 0.01). Conclusion: Premenstrual syndrome was found in more than half of the students who participated in the study. Premenstrual syndrome was higher in students who had a chronic disease and/or an unhealthy lifestyle. There was a statistically significant relationship between PMS and risk of depression. Students who have PMS symptoms should be evaluated for the risk of depression

Effects of sprint exercise on oxidative stress in skeletal muscle and liver

Although numerous studies have tested the effects of continuous exercise regimens on antioxidant defences, information on the effect of sprint exercise on the antioxidant defence system and lipid peroxidation levels of tissues is scant. The present study was designed to determine the effects of sprint exercise on the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme system in liver and skeletal muscle during the post-exercise recovery period in untrained mice. Mice performed 15 bouts of exercise, each comprising running on a treadmill for 30s at 35 m.min(-1) and a 5degrees slope, with a 10-s rest interval between bouts. They were then killed by cervical dislocation either immediately (0 h), 0.5 h, 3 h or 24 h after completion of the exercise. Their gastrocnemius muscle and liver tissues were quickly removed. It was found that blood lactate levels increased immediately after the exercise, but had returned to control levels by 0.5 h postexercise. This exercise regimen had no effect on the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in these tissues. Levels of muscle thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) had increased at 0.5 and 3 h post-exercise, and then returned to control levels by 24 h post-exercise. In conclusion, acute sprint exercise in mice resulted in an increase in TBARS levels in skeletal muscle; no change was observed in the liver. Antioxidant enzyme activities remained unaffected by acute sprint exercise in these tissues