Di-n-but­yl{1-[1-(2-hydroxy­phen­yl)ethyl­idene]-5-[1-(2-oxidophen­yl)ethyl­idene]thio­carbazonato-κ3 O 5,N 5,S}tin(IV)

The ‘symmetrical’ 1,5-bis­[1-(2-hydroxy­phen­yl)ethyl­idene]thio­carbazone Schiff base condenses with dibutyl­tin oxide to form the title complex, [Sn(C4H9)2(C17H16N4O2S)], in which the deprotonated ligand O,N,S-chelates to the Sn atom of two crystallographically independent mol­ecules. The ligand bears a formal negative charge on the S and one O atom; the other O atom retains its H atom. The Sn atoms are five-coordinated in a cis-C2NOSSn trigonal-bipyramidal environment, and the apical sites are occupied by the O and S atoms. In both mol­ecules, the hydr­oxy group is hydrogen bonded to a double-bonded N atom, generating a six-membered ring. The amino group is a donor to the coordinated O atom of an adjacent mol­ecule, the hydrogen-bonding inter­action giving rise to a helical chain running along the b axis. In one of the independent mol­ecules, the atoms of one of the n-butyl groups are disordered over two sets of sites with equal occupancy. In the other independent mol­ecule, the atoms of both n-butyl groups are disordered over two sets of sites with equal occupancy and, in addition, the Sn and S atoms were also refined as disordered over two sets of sites with equal occupancy

n-Butyl­dichlorido(2-{(1E)-1-[2-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazin-1-yl­idene]eth­yl}phenolato)tin(IV)

Two independent mol­ecules comprise the asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Sn(C4H9)(C13H12N3O)Cl2]. The Sn atom in each is coordinated by the tridentate ligand via the phenoxide O, hydrazine N and pyridyl N atoms, forming five- and six-membered chelate rings. The approximately octa­hedral coordination geometry is completed by the α-C atom of the n-butyl group (which is trans to the hydrazine N atom) and two mutually trans Cl atoms. Differences between the mol­ecules are evident in the relative planarity of the chelate rings and in the conformations of the n-butyl groups [C—C—C—C = 177.2 (5) and −64.4 (11)°]. Significant differences in the Sn—Cl bond lengths are related to the formation of N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, which link the mol­ecules comprising the asymmetric unit into dimeric aggregates. These are consolidated in the crystal packing by C—H⋯Cl contacts. The structure was refined as an inversion twin; the minor twin component is 37 (3)%

1,5-Bis[(E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl­idene]thiocarbonohydrazide mono­hydrate

In the title compound, C17H18N4O2S·H2O, the thio­urea derivative is almost planar, with an r.m.s. deviation for the non-H atoms of 0.057 Å. The hydroxyl groups lie to the same side of the mol­ecule as the thione S atom, a conformation that allows the formation of intra­molecular O—H⋯S and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. In the crystal structure, the thio­urea and water mol­ecules self-assemble into a two-dimensional array by a combination of Owater—H⋯Ohydrox­yl, N—H⋯Owater and Owater—H⋯S hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π inter­actions

Crystal structure of 4-cyclohexyl-1-(propan-2-ylidene)thiosemicarbazide

In the title compound, C10H19N3S, the cyclohexyl group adopts a chair conformation and adopts a position approximately syn to the thione S atom. The CN2S thiourea moiety makes dihedral angle of 13.13 (10)° with the propan-2-ylideneamino group. An intramolecular N—H...N hydrogen bond is noted. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N—H...S hydrogen bonds generate R22(8) loops

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially