Influenza Vaccination Guidelines and Vaccine Sales in Southeast Asia: 2008-2011

10.1371/journal.pone.0052842PLoS ONE712e5284

Divergent seasonal patterns of influenza types A and B across latitude gradient in Tropical Asia

10.1111/irv.12372Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses103176-18

On the origin of influenza A hemagglutinin

Recent advances in phylogenetic methods have produced some reassessments of the ages of the most recent common ancestor of hemagglutinin proteins in known strains of influenza A. This paper applies Bayesian phylogenetic analysis implemented in BEAST to date the nodes on the influenza A hemagglutinin tree. The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of influenza A hemagglutinin proteins is located with 95% confidence between 517 and 1497 of the Common Era (AD), with the center of the probability distribution at 1056 AD. The implications of this revised dating for both historical and current epidemiology are discussed. Influenza A can be seen as an emerging disease of mediaeval and early modern times