The effect of religious extremism on Nigeria National Security : an appraisal of Boko Haram

Religion plays a dominant role and serves as a driving force of human action or inaction in Nigeria. In some instances, it has been exploited to serve a motive that does not align with the proper functioning of society, what is called religious extremism. One form of such religious extremism has produced Boko Haram, whose activities have threatened Nigeria’s national security. Studies have tried to unearth the causes and impact of the sect on the national security of the country. This study contributes to that debate by evaluating the impact Boko Haram has on Nigeria’s national security, and the strategies, challenges, and solutions to address the menace. Qualitative research approach, specifically historical research methodology was used in this study to illuminate the phenomenon of Boko Haram and national security in Nigeria. Data was sourced primarily from secondary and primary data with a focus on states in Northern Nigeria between 2011-2022 years. The study found that the failure of the state to provide basic amenities, extreme poverty, illiteracy, and radicalization are the primary reasons for the rise of Boko Haram in Nigeria. The study also found that the activities of the sect has impacted the socio-economic and national security of the country. The kinetic and non-kinetic approaches are the dominant strategies employed by the government to fight Boko Haram. The major recommendation is that the Nigerian government should provide economic opportunities and infrastructural facilities to reverse poverty, promote an inclusive social development and discourage the youths from venturing into terrorism. Also, sensitization programmes must be carried out to alert for the consequences and educate the youths against joining the sect. Focus should also be on expanding the deradicalization programme to support the repentant terrorists. The government should also demonstrate the political will to end terrorism in Nigeria