The Extended Chiral Quark Model in a Tamm-Dancoff Inspired Approximation

A procedure inspired by the Tamm-Dancoff method is applied to the chiral quark model which has been extended to include additional degrees of freedom: a pseudoscalar isoscalar field as well as a triplet of scalar isovector fields. The simpler, generic $\sigma$ -- model has been used before as a test for the Tamm-Dancoff inspired approximation (TDIA). The extended chirial quark model is employed here to investigate possible novel effects of the additional degrees of freedom as well as to point out the necessesity to introduce a SU(3) flavour. Model predictions for the axial-vector coupling constant and for the nucleon magnetic moment obtained in TDIA are compared with experimental values.Comment: 14 pages, LaTe

Relativistic quark model

A general Lorentz-covariant quark model of mesons, whose nonrelativistic limit corresponds to Isgur-Scora-Grinstein-Wise model, is constructed. It possesses the heavy quark symmetry and can be easily applied to calculation of form factors. Besides it can be engaged in novel tasks, such a the investigation of the two photon decay of scalar mesons. Its behaviour in the infinite momentum frame and the light cone is discussed

Unexpectedly small empirical vector strangeness of nucleons predicted in a baryon model

Most of model considerations of the hidden nucleon strangeness, as well as some preliminary experimental evidence, led to the expectations of relatively sizeable strange vector form factors of the proton. For example, it seemed that the contribution of the fluctuating strange quark-antiquark pairs accounts for as much as one tenth of the proton's magnetic moment. By the same token, baryon models which failed to produce the "vector strangeness" of the nucleon seemed disfavoured. Recently, however, more accurate measurements and more sophisticated data analysis, as well as lattice simulations, revealed that the form factors associated with the vector strangeness of the nucleon are much smaller than thought previously; in fact, due to the experimental uncertainties, the measured strange vector-current proton form factors may be consistent with zero. In the light of that, we re-asses the merit of the baryon models leading to little or no vector strangeness of the nucleon. It is done on the concrete example of the baryon model which essentially amounts to the MIT bag enriched by the diluted instanton liquid

Temperature Dependence of the Axion Mass in a Scenario Where the Restoration of Chiral Symmetry Drives the Restoration of the UA(1) Symmetry

The temperature (T) dependence of the axion mass is predicted for T's up to ∼2.3 x the chiral restoration temperature of QCD. The axion is related to the UA(1) anomaly. The squared axion mass ma(T)^2 is, modulo the presently undetermined scale of spontaneous breaking of Peccei-Quinn symmetry fa (squared), equal to QCD topological susceptibility χ(T) for all T. We obtain χ(T) by using quark condensates calculated in two effective Dyson- Schwinger models of nonperturbative QCD. They exhibit the correct chiral behavior, including the dynamical breaking of chiral symmetry and its restoration at high T. This is reflected in the UA(1) symmetry breaking and restoration through χ(T). In our previous studies, such χ(T) yields the T-dependence of the UA(1)- anomaly-influenced masses of η′ and η mesons consistent with experiment. This in turn supports our prediction for the T-dependence of the axion mass. Another support is a rather good agreement with the pertinent lattice results. This agreement is not spoiled by our varying u and d quark mass parameters out of the isospin limit

A Dyson-Schwinger model beyond isospin limit prepared for investigating U_A(1)-breaking temperature dependence

Motivated by our earlier findings of sensitive quark-flavor dependence of QCD topological susceptibility on products of current quark masses and corresponding condensates, we allow the breaking of isospin symmetry. For the purpose of future investigations of U_A(1) symmetry breaking and restoration at T > 0, we perform (at T = 0) refitting of the quark-mass parameters of a phenomenologically successful effective model of low-energy QCD. It belongs to the class of separable-interaction models within the Dyson-Schwinger approach to the quark-antiquark substructure of mesons.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, 3 table

Students' confusions about the electric field of a uniformly moving charge

In light of a recent direct experimental confirmation of a Lorentz contraction of Coulomb field (an electric field of a point charge in a uniform motion), we revisit some common confusions related to it, to be mindful of in teaching the subject. These include the questions about a radial nature of the field, a role of the retardation effect due to a finite speed of information transfer and some issues related to a depiction of Coulomb field by means of the Lorentz contracted field lines.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Human-Centric AI: The Symbiosis of Human and Artificial Intelligence

Well-evidenced advances of data-driven complex machine learning approaches emerging within the so- called second wave of artificial intelligence (AI) fostered the exploration of possible AI applications in various domains and aspects of human life, practices, and society. Most of the recent success in AI comes from the utilization of representation learning with end-to-end trained deep neural network models in tasks such as image, text, and speech recognition or strategic board and video games. By enabling automatic feature engineering, deep learning models significantly reduce the reliance on domain-expert knowledge, outperforming traditional methods based on handcrafted feature engineering and achieving performance that equals or even supersedes humans in some respects. Despite the outstanding advancements and potential benefits, the concerns about the black-box nature and the lack of transparency behind the behavior of deep learning based AI solutions have hampered their further applications in our society. To fully trust, accept, and adopt newly emerging AI solutions in our everyday lives and practices, we need human-centric explainable AI (HC-XAI) that can provide human- understandable interpretations for their algorithmic behavior and outcomes—consequently enabling us to control and continuously improve their performance, robustness, fairness, accountability, transparency, and explainability throughout the entire lifecycle of AI applications. Following this motivation, the recently emerging trend within diverse and multidisciplinary research communities is based on the exploration of human-centric AI approaches and the development of contextual explanatory models propelling the symbiosis of human intelligence (HI) and artificial intelligence (AI), which forms the basis of the next (third) wave of AI

Luck

U članku analiziramo model uspjeha koji se temelji na doprinosu sreće i truda, s posebnim naglaskom na ulogu sreće u uspjehu najuspješnijih ljudi.We analyze a model of success based on luck and effort, with a special emphasis on a role of luck in the success of the most successful people