Additional file 2 of Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of recently published literature (2016–2020)

Additional file 2. Forest plot of the FUS prevalence obtained from published literature during 2016–2020

Additional file 1 of Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of recently published literature (2016–2020)

Additional file 1. PRISMA checklist employed for the present systematic review

Flow diagram of the study design process.

Flow diagram of the study design process.</p

Additional file 3 of Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of recently published literature (2016–2020)

Additional file 3. Quality assessment analysis of the included papers using Newcastle–Ottawa scale

Forest plot of odds ratios for correlation between toxoplasmosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

* Patients under treatment.</p

Toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan infection caused by an intracellular obligatory protozoan, <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>. Infection to this parasite in immunocompetent patients is usually asymptomatic, but today it is believed that the infection can be a risk factor for a variety of diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is an autoimmune disease and the most common type of inflammatory arthritis that is a major cause of disability. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to address the association between RA and toxoplasmosis in light of the available research.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Based on the keywords, a systematic search of eight databases was conducted to retrieve the relevant English-language articles. Then, the studies were screened based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The random effect model was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) using forest plot with 95% confidence interval (CI).</p><p>Results</p><p>Overall, 4168 Individual, extracted from 9 articles were included for systematic review evaluation, with 1369 RA patients (46% positive toxoplasmosis) and 2799 individuals as controls (21% positive toxoplasmosis). Then, eight articles (10 datasets) were used for meta-analysis (1244 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 2799 controls). By random effect model, the combined OR was 3.30 (95% CI: 2.05 to 5.30) with P < 0.0001.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Although toxoplasmosis could be considered as a potential risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis, more and better quality studies are needed to determine the effect of <i>T. gondii</i> infection on induction or exacerbation of RA. Our study was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; code: CRD42017069384).</p></div

Characteristics of the included studies for <i>T</i>. <i>gondii</i> serological analysis in depressed patients and controls.

Characteristics of the included studies for T. gondii serological analysis in depressed patients and controls.</p

Characteristics of the included studies for <i>T</i>. <i>gondii</i> infection in depressed patients and controls.

Characteristics of the included studies for T. gondii infection in depressed patients and controls.</p

Forest plot diagram of studies showing IgG seropositivity rates of <i>T</i>. <i>gondii</i>.

Perpendicular discontinuous line indicates the odds ratio index. The perpendicular continuous line represents the null hypothesis. The horizontal lines illustrate 95% CI for ORs. A study that its confidence interval (horizontal line) interrupts the vertical continuous line (line null hypothesis), the odd ratio of this study is not statistically significant.</p

Forest plot diagram of case-control studies showing IgG seropositivity rates of <i>T</i>. <i>gondii</i>.

Forest plot diagram of case-control studies showing IgG seropositivity rates of T. gondii.</p