2,039 research outputs found
Gavestinel does not improve outcome after acute intracerebral hemorrhage: an analysis from the GAIN International and GAIN Americas studies
<p><b>Background and Purpose:</b> Glycine Antagonist in Neuroprotection (GAIN) International and GAIN Americas trials were prospectively designed, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of gavestinel, a glycine-site antagonist and putative neuroprotectant drug administered within 6 hours of suspected ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Both trials reported that gavestinel was ineffective in ischemic stroke. This analysis reports the results in those with primary intracerebral hemorrhage.</p>
<p><b>Methods:</b> The primary hypothesis was that gavestinel treatment did not alter outcome, measured at 3 months by the Barthel Index (BI), from acute intracerebral hemorrhage, based on pooled results from both trials. The BI scores were divided into 3 groups: 95 to 100 (independent), 60 to 90 (assisted independence), and 0 to 55 (dependent) or dead.</p>
<p><b>Results:</b> In total, 3450 patients were randomized in GAIN International (N=1804) and GAIN Americas (N=1646). Of these, 571 were ultimately identified to have spontaneous intracerebral hematoma on baseline head computerized tomography scan. The difference in distribution of trichotomized BI scores at 3 months between gavestinel and placebo was not statistically significant (P=0.09). Serious adverse events were reported at similar rates in the 2 treatment groups.</p>
<p><b>Conclusions:</b> These observations from the combined GAIN International and GAIN Americas trials suggest that gavestinel is not of substantial benefit or harm to patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage. These findings are similar to results previously reported in patients with ischemic stroke.</p>
Operator-Algebraic Approach to the Yrast Spectrum of Weakly Interacting Trapped Bosons
We present an operator-algebraic approach to deriving the low-lying
quasi-degenerate spectrum of weakly interacting trapped N bosons with total
angular momentum \hbar L for the case of small L/N, demonstrating that the
lowest-lying excitation spectrum is given by 27 g n_3(n_3-1)/34, where g is the
strength of the repulsive contact interaction and n_3 the number of excited
octupole quanta. Our method provides constraints for these quasi-degenerate
many-body states and gives higher excitation energies that depend linearly on
N.Comment: 7 pages, one figur
Characteristics and outcomes of culture-negative prosthetic joint infections from the Prosthetic Joint Infection in Australia and New Zealand Observational (PIANO) cohort study
Introduction: Culture-negative (CN) prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) account for approximately 10 % of all PJIs and present significant challenges for clinicians. We aimed to explore the significance of CN PJIs within a large prospective cohort study, comparing their characteristics and outcomes with culture-positive (CP) cases. Methods: The Prosthetic joint Infection in Australia and New Zealand Observational (PIANO) study is a prospective, multicentre observational cohort study that was conducted at 27 hospitals between 2014 and 2017. We compared baseline characteristics and outcomes of all patients with CN PJI from the PIANO cohort with those of CP cases. We report on PJI diagnostic criteria in the CN cohort and apply internationally recognized PJI diagnostic guidelines to determine optimal CN PJI detection methods. Results: Of the 650 patients with 24-month outcome data available, 55 (8.5 %) were CN and 595 were CP. Compared with the CP cohort, CN patients were more likely to be female (32 (58.2 %) vs. 245 (41.2 %); p = 0.016), involve the shoulder joint (5 (9.1 %) vs. 16 (2.7 %); p = 0.026), and have a lower mean C-reactive protein (142 mg L−1 vs. 187 mg L−1; p = 0.016). Overall, outcomes were superior in CN patients, with culture negativity an independent predictor of treatment success at 24 months (adjusted odds ratio, aOR, of 3.78 and 95 %CI of 1.65–8.67). Suboptimal diagnostic sampling was common in both cohorts, with CN PJI case detection enhanced using the Infectious Diseases Society of America PJI diagnostic guidelines. Conclusions: Current PJI diagnostic guidelines vary substantially in their ability to detect CN PJI, with comprehensive diagnostic sampling necessary to achieve diagnostic certainty. Definitive surgical management strategies should be determined by careful assessment of infection type, rather than by culture status alone
Microfluidic and Nanofluidic Cavities for Quantum Fluids Experiments
The union of quantum fluids research with nanoscience is rich with
opportunities for new physics. The relevant length scales in quantum fluids,
3He in particular, are comparable to those possible using microfluidic and
nanofluidic devices. In this article, we will briefly review how the physics of
quantum fluids depends strongly on confinement on the microscale and nanoscale.
Then we present devices fabricated specifically for quantum fluids research,
with cavity sizes ranging from 30 nm to 11 microns deep, and the
characterization of these devices for low temperature quantum fluids
experiments.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, Accepted to Journal of Low Temperature Physic
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Static and dynamic pressure effects on the thermolysis of nitroalkanes in solution
The authors have measured the effects of static and shock-induced pressures on the decomposition rates and mechanisms of various nitroalkanes dissolved in different solvents with and without organic amine catalysts. While nitroalkanes without {alpha}-hydrogen decompose by homolysis of the C-NO{sub 2} bond over a wide range of conditions, the decomposition pathway of nitroalkanes having {alpha}-hydrogens (i.e., acidic nitroalkanes) is complicated and follows different decomposition mechanisms depending on the availability of organic base and reaction pressure. The Nef reaction is also an important reaction pathway. The five known decomposition pathways, homolysis of the C-NO{sub 2} bond, bimolecular reaction between the aci-form and aci-ion, cyclization of the aci-form, elimination of nitrous acid, and the Nef reaction, are highly dependent on the reaction conditions, such as pressure, presence of organic amines, water, alcohols, and polarity of solvent. The authors discuss the results of several tests used to support these various decomposition mechanisms
The inverse moment problem for convex polytopes
The goal of this paper is to present a general and novel approach for the
reconstruction of any convex d-dimensional polytope P, from knowledge of its
moments. In particular, we show that the vertices of an N-vertex polytope in
R^d can be reconstructed from the knowledge of O(DN) axial moments (w.r.t. to
an unknown polynomial measure od degree D) in d+1 distinct generic directions.
Our approach is based on the collection of moment formulas due to Brion,
Lawrence, Khovanskii-Pukhikov, and Barvinok that arise in the discrete geometry
of polytopes, and what variously known as Prony's method, or Vandermonde
factorization of finite rank Hankel matrices.Comment: LaTeX2e, 24 pages including 1 appendi
Superfluid toroidal currents in atomic condensates
The dynamics of toroidal condensates in the presence of condensate flow and
dipole perturbation have been investigated. The Bogoliubov spectrum of
condensate is calculated for an oblate torus using a discrete-variable
representation and a spectral method to high accuracy. The transition from
spheroidal to toroidal geometry of the trap displaces the energy levels into
narrow bands. The lowest-order acoustic modes are quantized with the dispersion
relation with . A condensate
with toroidal current splits the co-rotating and
counter-rotating pair by the amount: . Radial dipole excitations are the lowest energy dissipation modes.
For highly occupied condensates the nonlinearity creates an asymmetric mix of
dipole circulation and nonlinear shifts in the spectrum of excitations so that
the center of mass circulates around the axis of symmetry of the trap. We
outline an experimental method to study these excitations.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure
Generation and evolution of vortex-antivortex pairs in Bose-Einstein condensates
We propose a method for generating and controlling a spatially separated
vortex--antivortex pair in a Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a toroidal
potential. Our simulations of the time dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation show
that in toroidal condensates vortex dynamics are different from the dynamics in
the homogeneous case. Our numerical results agree well with analytical
calculations using the image method. Our proposal offers an effective example
of coherent generation and control of vortex dynamics in atomic condensates.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Attachment Styles Within the Coach-Athlete Dyad: Preliminary Investigation and Assessment Development
The present preliminary study aimed to develop and examine the psychometric properties of a new sport-specific self-report instrument designed to assess athletes’ and coaches’ attachment styles. The development and initial validation comprised three main phases. In Phase 1, a pool of items was generated based on pre-existing self-report attachment instruments, modified to reflect a coach and an athlete’s style of attachment. In Phase 2, the content validity of the items was assessed by a panel of experts. A final scale was developed and administered to 405 coaches and 298 athletes (N = 703 participants). In Phase 3, confirmatory factor analysis of the obtained data was conducted to determine the final items of the Coach-Athlete Attachment Scale (CAAS). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed acceptable goodness of fit indexes for a 3-first order factor model as well as a 2-first order factor model for both the athlete and the coach data, respectively. A secure attachment style positively predicted relationship satisfaction, while an insecure attachment style was a negative predictor of relationship satisfaction. The CAAS revealed initial psychometric properties of content, factorial, and predictive validity, as well as reliability
Vortex phase diagram in trapped Bose-Einstein condensation
The vortex phase diagram in the external rotation frequency versus
temperature is calculated for dilute Bose-Einstein condensed gases. It is
determined within the Bogoliubov-Popov theory for a finite temperature where
the condensate and non-condensate fractions are treated in an equal footing.
The temperature dependences of various thermodynamic instability lines for the
vortex nucleation are computed to construct the phase diagram. Experiments are
proposed to resolve a recent controversy on the vortex creation problem
associated with the quantized vortex observation in Rb atom gases.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure
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