8 research outputs found
Book Review: Microfinance and its Discontents: Women in Debt in Bangladesh
Review of Microfinance and its Discontents: Women in Debt in Bangladesh by Lamia Kari
Book Review: Arab America: Gender, Cultural Politics, and Activism
Review of Arab America: Gender, Cultural Politics, and Activism by Nadine Nabe
Liquor outlet density, deprivation and implications for foetal alcohol syndrome prevention in the Bergriver municipality in the Western Cape, South Africa
Foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is the most common preventable birth defect in the
world, and some South African communities have amongst the highest reported rates. In
August 2008, global positioning systems and geographic information systems (GIS)
were used to collect data on legal and illegal alcohol outlets in the Bergriver
municipality. A total of 112 outlets were recorded and towns with the densest
distributions (outlet/km2) were Piketberg and Eendekuil. Spearman coefficients were
used to estimate the relationship between alcohol outlet distributions within the study
area and the South African Index of Multiple Deprivation. Although not statistically
significant, the data are suggestive of an inverse relationship between legal alcohol
outlets and deprivation – less deprived areas had higher density of legal alcohol outlets –
while the opposite relationship applied for illegal alcohol outlets. GIS provides spatial
documentation of determinants of FAS risks amenable to geographically based
prevention strategies, as well as providing baseline data to evaluate the effectiveness of
liquor legislation aimed at controlling access to alcohol. Results are being repurposed
into health education materials that encourage community action to address the social
determinants of health outcomes such as FAS.Fogarty International Centre, Mount Sinai School of Medicine International Exchange Program for
Minority Studentshttp://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rsag202015-10-30am201
Predictors of risk of alcohol-exposed pregnancies among women in an urban and a rural area of South Africa
The study sought to determine the prevalence and predictors of being at risk of an alcohol-exposed
pregnancy (AEP) among women of child-bearing age in an urban and rural location in South Africa. We
conducted a cross-sectional household survey of 1018 women aged 18–44 years in one urban (n ¼ 606)
and one rural (n ¼ 412) site. The women were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. We defined the primary dependent variable, being at risk of having an AEP, as current alcohol use, not being pregnant, being fertile, and no effective use of contraceptives. The independent variables included demographic, substance use, health perceptions, psycho-social, and partner characteristics. The rural women (21.84%)
were more likely than their urban counterparts (11.22%) to be at risk of an AEP. In multiple logistic regression analyses, significant predictors of being in the ‘‘at risk’’ group for the urban women were (a) being ‘white’ as opposed to ‘black/African’, and being ‘coloured’ as opposed to ‘black/African’; and (b) current smoking. For the rural women, significant risk factors were (a) current smoking and (b) early onset of alcohol use. The significant protective factors were (a) education; (b) knowledge about Fetal Alcohol Syndrome; (c) parity. Use of stricter alcohol use criteria (i.e., three or more drinks and five or more drinks per sitting) in the definition of risk of an AEP yielded slightly different patterns of significant predictors. The results revealed high levels of risk of an alcohol-exposed pregnancy, especially amongst the rural women, and a need for location-specific prevention programmes. The high burden of AEP in South Africa calls for the establishment of national AEP prevention strategies and programmes as a matter of urgency
Predictors of risk of alcohol-exposed pregnancies among women in an urban and a rural area of South Africa
The study sought to determine the prevalence and predictors of being at risk of an alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP) among women of child-bearing age in an urban and rural location in South Africa. We conducted a cross-sectional household survey of 1018 women aged 18-44 years in one urban (n = 606) and one rural (n = 412) site. The women were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. We defined the primary dependent variable, being at risk of having an AEP, as current alcohol use, not being pregnant, being fertile, and no effective use of contraceptives. The independent variables included demographic, substance use, health perceptions, psycho-social, and partner characteristics. The rural women (21.84%) were more likely than their urban counterparts (11.22%) to be at risk of an AEP. In multiple logistic regression analyses, significant predictors of being in the "at risk" group for the urban women were (a) being 'white' as opposed to 'black/African', and being 'coloured' as opposed to 'black/African'; and (b) current smoking. For the rural women, significant risk factors were (a) current smoking and (b) early onset of alcohol use. The significant protective factors were (a) education; (b) knowledge about Fetal Alcohol Syndrome; (c) parity. Use of stricter alcohol use criteria (i.e., three or more drinks and five or more drinks per sitting) in the definition of risk of an AEP yielded slightly different patterns of significant predictors. The results revealed high levels of risk of an alcohol-exposed pregnancy, especially amongst the rural women, and a need for location-specific prevention programmes. The high burden of AEP in South Africa calls for the establishment of national AEP prevention strategies and programmes as a matter of urgency.South Africa Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Alcohol-exposed pregnancy Alcohol consumption Contraception Women
Predictors of risk of alcohol-exposed pregnancies among women in an urban and a rural area of South Africa
The study sought to determine the prevalence and predictors of being at risk of an alcohol-exposed
pregnancy (AEP) among women of child-bearing age in an urban and rural location in South Africa. We
conducted a cross-sectional household survey of 1018 women aged 18–44 years in one urban (n ¼ 606)
and one rural (n ¼ 412) site. The women were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. We defined the primary dependent variable, being at risk of having an AEP, as current alcohol use, not being pregnant, being fertile, and no effective use of contraceptives. The independent variables included demographic, substance use, health perceptions, psycho-social, and partner characteristics. The rural women (21.84%)
were more likely than their urban counterparts (11.22%) to be at risk of an AEP. In multiple logistic regression analyses, significant predictors of being in the ‘‘at risk’’ group for the urban women were (a) being ‘white’ as opposed to ‘black/African’, and being ‘coloured’ as opposed to ‘black/African’; and (b) current smoking. For the rural women, significant risk factors were (a) current smoking and (b) early onset of alcohol use. The significant protective factors were (a) education; (b) knowledge about Fetal Alcohol Syndrome; (c) parity. Use of stricter alcohol use criteria (i.e., three or more drinks and five or more drinks per sitting) in the definition of risk of an AEP yielded slightly different patterns of significant predictors. The results revealed high levels of risk of an alcohol-exposed pregnancy, especially amongst the rural women, and a need for location-specific prevention programmes. The high burden of AEP in South Africa calls for the establishment of national AEP prevention strategies and programmes as a matter of urgency