The Dynamics of Co-Creation in the Video Game Industry: The Case of World of Warcraft

These latest years have seen both an increasing development of Users Generated Content (UGC) on the Internet and a growing number of free transactions of these contents through online communities. The video game industry shares this general trend and we shall examine it in detail through the example of a worldwide success game, World of Warcraft (WoW). This massively multiplayer online (MMO) game exhibits two specific economic characteristics. The first one is that the original content is produced by a game developer who keeps intellectual property rights while leaving open to players some possibilities to modify that original content into an enhanced content. We call this innovation process, which involves both the participation of the producer and of consumers, co-creation. Based on a typology of the different UGC in WoW, we specify the meaning of co-creation and put forward some arguments on the players' motivations to co-create and their consequences on the attractiveness of the gameplay to the players' community. The second characteristic is that co-creation is not limited to the design of the game before its marketing. It is a continuous interaction between players and developer even after its marketing. This dynamic process requires both regulatory actions by the developer and a new industrial organization to distribute these UGC through the WoW players' community.open innovation, online community, video game, innovative user, customization

Differing effect of systemic anti psoriasis therapies on platelet physiology - a case report and review of literature

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Psoriasis is a common, chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease. Lately, there is increasing evidence that psoriasis is more than "skin deep". Epidemiological studies showed that severe psoriasis might have also important systemic manifestations such as metabolic deregulations, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and increased mortality. Moreover, recently psoriasis patients were found to have platelet hyperactivity.</p> <p>Case Presentation</p> <p>This is a case report and review of the literature. We present a patient with long standing severe psoriasis vulgaris with marked thrombocytosis. His thrombocytosis did not correlate with disease severity but rather with the different treatments that he was exposed to, subsiding only during treatment with anti Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)- agents. A literature review revealed that in rheumatoid arthritis, another systemic inflammatory disease; interleukin (IL)-6 might be implicated in causing thrombocytosis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This unique case report illustrates that different systemic treatments for psoriasis might have implications beyond the care of skin lesions. This insight is especially important in psoriasis patients in view of their deranged hemostatic balance toward a prothrombotic state, which might increase the risk of thrombosis and CVD. Therefore, further studies analyzing the effect of different drugs on platelets physiology are warranted.</p

141 – 221 boulevard Macdonald, 75019 ; reconversion de l’entrepôt Macdonald

En même temps que l’arrivée des premiers occupants du 141-221 boulevard Macdonald, ce livre retrace l’histoire de l’entrepôt Macdonald et analyse en détail la reconversion de ce bâtiment aux dimen- sions hors normes et aux enjeux métropolitains. Son échelle et sa complexité font de ce projet exemplaire une référence unique en Europe. Pour en définir ses spécificités et son originalité, L’architecte Mathieu Mercuriali explore les notions fondamentales de l’architecture questionnées par ce bâtiment XXL, illustre ses problématiques au regard d’exemples internationaux et raconte son processus de gestation tant au niveau architectural, urbain que technique. Avec les contributions des principaux acteurs du projet, des reportages photographiques inédits du chantier en cours, des documents historiques, des diagrammes et des schémas d’ana- lyse, cet ouvrage plonge le lecteur au coeur de la fabrication de ce nouveau morceau de ville

Human Herpesvirus 8, Southern Siberia

International audienceLette

Variety in the video game industry:an empirical study of the Wundt curve

This study analyzes the effect of variety on consumer utility using historical behavioral information for 1,397 consumers participating in 729,049 unique rounds of play. We show that consumers generally exhibit a preference for variety as part of their gameplay utility. The relationship between variety and utility is nonlinear and follows, at least for some types of variety, an inverted u-shape as predicted by the Wundt curve. Our results represent the first such evidence on the importance of variety in video gaming, which has significant implications for consumption through optimization of gameplay utility to satisfy the demand for variety.</p