Rail freight vibration impacts sleep and community response: An overview of CargoVibes

<p>The European Union funded project: CargoVibes involving ten partners from eight nations has aimed to examine ground-borne vibration affecting residents close to freight railway lines. The paper presents an overview of the work package investigating human response to vibration, with particular focus on physiological and psychological impact on sleep, community annoyance and the development of guidance in evaluating response. Existing field studies of community response were supplemented with further field work in the Netherlands and Poland, and a meta-analysis conducted to determine dose-response relationships for railway vibration. The effects of vibration on sleep were measured in a series of laboratory trials at the University of Gothenburg. Numerous outcomes of vibration exposure were found, with physiological markers such as greater heart rate response and cortical reactions during sleep, and annoyance and sleep disturbance increasing with higher vibration amplitudes. A guidance document considering current state of the art regarding vibration measurement and assessment was produced pertaining to human perception, evaluation methods, annoyance, sleep impacts, and non-exposure factors. The outcomes of this work represent a significant advance in the understanding of the human response to railway vibration and a step towards a much needed harmonization of assessment methods. The findings presented in this paper highlight the importance of considering environmental vibration in the planning, construction, and maintenance of railways in residential environments.</p

Whole genome comparative studies between chicken and turkey and their implications for avian genome evolution-9

Me paint hybridizations superimposed. The centromere is arrowed.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Whole genome comparative studies between chicken and turkey and their implications for avian genome evolution"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/168</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():168-168.</p><p>Published online 14 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2375447.</p><p></p

Whole genome comparative studies between chicken and turkey and their implications for avian genome evolution-0

Turkey metaphase (chromosome numbers are labeled with arrows and chicken (GGA) orthologues are indicated in brackets).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Whole genome comparative studies between chicken and turkey and their implications for avian genome evolution"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/168</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():168-168.</p><p>Published online 14 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2375447.</p><p></p

Whole genome comparative studies between chicken and turkey and their implications for avian genome evolution-7

Turkey metaphase (chromosome numbers are labeled with arrows and chicken (GGA) orthologues are indicated in brackets).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Whole genome comparative studies between chicken and turkey and their implications for avian genome evolution"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/168</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():168-168.</p><p>Published online 14 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2375447.</p><p></p

Whole genome comparative studies between chicken and turkey and their implications for avian genome evolution-3

.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Whole genome comparative studies between chicken and turkey and their implications for avian genome evolution"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/168</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():168-168.</p><p>Published online 14 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2375447.</p><p></p

Whole genome comparative studies between chicken and turkey and their implications for avian genome evolution-5

Cy5). Points above the midline represent signals in the Cy3 range; points below the midline represent signals in the Cy5 range. The results indicate failure of hybridization for the MGA9 chromosome paint but successful hybridization for the other three. All results are consistent with centromeric breakpoint/fusion points.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Whole genome comparative studies between chicken and turkey and their implications for avian genome evolution"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/168</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():168-168.</p><p>Published online 14 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2375447.</p><p></p

Chromosome paints for turkey chromosomes MGA3 (red) and MGA6 (green) hybridized on chicken (GGA) metaphase chromosomes suggesting that the breakpoint is centromeric

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Whole genome comparative studies between chicken and turkey and their implications for avian genome evolution"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/168</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():168-168.</p><p>Published online 14 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2375447.</p><p></p

Whole genome comparative studies between chicken and turkey and their implications for avian genome evolution-4

3 and 6 (MGA3+6). b – Chicken chromosome 3 (GGA3) and turkey chromosome 2 (MGA2). c – Chicken chromosome 8 (GGA8) and turkey chromosome 10 (MGA10). The hybridization positions of BACs were determined by measuring the fractional length of the signal position from the p-terminus (see Methods).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Whole genome comparative studies between chicken and turkey and their implications for avian genome evolution"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/168</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():168-168.</p><p>Published online 14 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2375447.</p><p></p

Gene density (a), CpG density (b) and compactness (c) of chicken chromosomes GGA2 and GGA4

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Whole genome comparative studies between chicken and turkey and their implications for avian genome evolution"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/168</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():168-168.</p><p>Published online 14 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2375447.</p><p></p