The Paternalistic Relationship: Authenticity and credibility as a source of healthy relationships

This article explores the how the Paternalistic Leadership model can be viewed as part of a relationship-based paradigm of leadership, and can incorporate concepts such as credibility and authenticity. The review highlights the need to understand paternalistic leadership as an approach to establishing productive relationships within a cultural context, with implications for researchers and practitioners in both collectivist and individualistic cultures

Increased risk of HIV and other drug-related harms associated with injecting in public places: national bio-behavioural survey of people who inject drugs

Background: Whilst injecting drugs in public places is considered a proxy for high risk behaviour among people who inject drugs (PWID), studies quantifying its relationship with multiple drug-related harms are lacking and none have examined this in the context of an ongoing HIV outbreak (located in Glasgow, Scotland). We aimed to: 1) estimate the prevalence of public injecting in Scotland and associated risk factors; and 2) estimate the association between public injecting and HIV, current HCV, overdose, and skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI). Methods: Cross-sectional, bio-behavioural survey (including dried blood spot testing to determine HIV and HCV infection) of 1469 current PWID (injected in last 6 months) recruited by independent interviewers from 139 harm reduction services across Scotland during 2017–18. Primary outcomes were: injecting in a public place (yes/no); HIV infection; current HCV infection; self-reported overdose in the last year (yes/no) and SSTI the last year (yes/no). Multi-variable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with public injecting and to estimate the association between public injecting and drug-related harms (HIV, current HCV, overdose and SSTI). Results: Prevalence of public injecting was 16% overall in Scotland and 47% in Glasgow city centre. Factors associated with increased odds of public injecting were: recruitment in Glasgow city centre (aOR=5.45, 95% CI 3.48–8.54, p<0.001), homelessness (aOR=3.68, 95% CI 2.61–5.19, p<0.001), high alcohol consumption (aOR=2.42, 95% CI 1.69–3.44, p<0.001), high injection frequency (≥4 per day) (aOR=3.16, 95% CI 1.93–5.18, p<0.001) and cocaine injecting (aOR=1.46, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.13, p = 0.046). Odds were lower for those receiving opiate substitution therapy (OST) (aOR=0.37, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.56, p<0.001) and older age (per year increase) (aOR=0.97, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.99, p = 0.013). Public injecting was associated with an increased risk of HIV infection (aOR=2.11, 95% CI 1.13–3.92, p = 0.019), current HCV infection (aOR=1.49, 95% CI 1.01–2.19, p = 0.043), overdose (aOR=1.59, 95% CI 1.27–2.01, p<0.001) and SSTI (aOR=1.42, 95% CI 1.17–1.73, p<0.001). Conclusions: These findings highlight the need to address the additional harms observed among people who inject in public places and provide evidence to inform proposals in the UK and elsewhere to introduce facilities that offer safer drug consumption environments

Learning And Leadership In The New Zealand Biotechnology Industry: Innovation And Human Capital In The New Economy

Human capital for the knowledge economy has curiously been a Cinderella topic for applied business research. This paper reports on a survey of New Zealand small and medium enterprises and is part of a wider Government-funded new economy sector analysis. The study, which utilised both a quantitative survey and qualitative theory development, examines the motivation for innovation, perceived skill shortages and managerial priorities for future development. This paper utilises the biotechnology industry to explore the competencies required for increased profitability and growth. It examines the paradox that while the new economy is people reliant and the multi-disciplinary nature of modern management includes knowledge management as a principal managerial competency, these aspects have received too little research attention. It was prompted by industry and academic acknowledgment that the primary inhibitors to progress are not technological but managerial. The findings point towards a new model of technological learning

Barriers to Curriculum Technology Integration in Education

Many barriers have been placed in the path of school curriculum reform involving technology

Enabling the classroom and the curriculum: higher education, literary studies and disability

In this article the tripartite model of disability is applied to the lived experience of twenty-first-century higher education. The tripartite model facilitates a complex understanding of disability that recognises assumptions and discrimination but not at the cost of valued identity. This being so, not only the normative positivisms and non-normative negativisms but also the non-normative positivisms of the classroom and the curriculum are explored. Inclusion is taken as the starting point and the argument progresses to a profound and innovational appreciation of disability. The problem addressed is that inclusion, as shown in The Biopolitics of Disability, constitutes little more than inclusion-ism until disability is recognised in the context of alternative lives and values that neither enforce nor reify normalcy. Informed by this understanding, the article adopts the disciplinary example of literary studies and refers to Brian Friel’s Molly Sweeney as a primary text. The conclusion is that, despite passive and active resistance, disability enters higher education in many ways, most of which are beneficial to students and educators alike

Circular design for affordable, human-centred and zero-waste urban housing

This research seeks to develop a step change to the way housing is designed for cities in the UK. It will address three main issues: 1) demand for 3 million new homes of which half affordable homes by 2030; 2) 75% natural resources consumption, and 30% waste production from construction and demolition; 3) risk of job losses because of technological changes and globalisation. Circular economy offers new ways to design, make and use buildings to address these issues. The implementation of the circular economy in urban housing can promote a systemic change for fostering the development of affordable, zero-waste, human-centred homes as long as technical innovation is combined to social innovation. To date, circular economy has mainly focused on technical innovation with limited emphasis on user behaviour. This project aims to explore a way to fill this gap using a combined approach to generate a socio-technical solution that implement a circular economy and support its social embedding in a social housing community in London. The project is harnessing design research methods to redesign a domestic kitchen as a hybrid system of products and services combined to a social enterprise. This system will be integrated with a circular business model to describe how collective value creation and retention is organised between parties involved, and with a strategy to support the social embedding of the system. The envisioned system will keep resources in use as long as possible through reuse, refurbishment and re- manufacturing as well as recycling at the service-life end minimizing waste generation and materials consumption. A system platform will support productinformation tracking and services supply underpinning a social enterprise within the community. The enterprise will provide access locally to products and services as well as fabrication space, tools and training, thereby promoting socio-economic benefits in the community. Finally, the integrated system will be assessed in terms of expected value and revenue, waste generation, job creation and social consensus to provide understanding on the adopted approach for the implementation of affordable, zero-waste, human-centred urban housing

Circular design for affordable, human-centred and zero-waste urban housing

This research seeks to develop a step change to the way housing is designed for cities in the UK. It will address three main issues: 1) demand for 3 million new homes of which half affordable homes by 2030; 2) 75% natural resources consumption, and 30% waste production from construction and demolition; 3) risk of job losses because of technological changes and globalisation. Circular economy offers new ways to design, make and use buildings to address these issues. The implementation of the circular economy in urban housing can promote a systemic change for fostering the development of affordable, zero-waste, human-centred homes as long as technical innovation is combined to social innovation. To date, circular economy has mainly focused on technical innovation with limited emphasis on user behaviour. This project aims to explore a way to fill this gap using a combined approach to generate a socio-technical solution that implement a circular economy and support its social embedding in a social housing community in London. The project is harnessing design research methods to redesign a domestic kitchen as a hybrid system of products and services combined to a social enterprise. This system will be integrated with a circular business model to describe how collective value creation and retention is organised between parties involved, and with a strategy to support the social embedding of the system. The envisioned system will keep resources in use as long as possible through reuse, refurbishment and re- manufacturing as well as recycling at the service-life end minimizing waste generation and materials consumption. A system platform will support productinformation tracking and services supply underpinning a social enterprise within the community. The enterprise will provide access locally to products and services as well as fabrication space, tools and training, thereby promoting socio-economic benefits in the community. Finally, the integrated system will be assessed in terms of expected value and revenue, waste generation, job creation and social consensus to provide understanding on the adopted approach for the implementation of affordable, zero-waste, human-centred urban housing

Exploring different objectives in non-inferiority trials

Non-inferiority trials compare the efficacy of a new treatment with an existing one where the new treatment is expected to have broadly similar efficacy to the existing treatment, but where other benefits might make the new treatment desirable. These trials might aim to demonstrate that a new treatment is either an alternative to, or a replacement for, the current treatment. In this article, how treatment comparisons can be based only on efficacy, or on both efficacy and other benefits, is explained, and guidance on how to choose the correct objective for a trial is given. This choice should influence the design of the trial (eg, choosing the non-inferiority margin and secondary outcomes), analysis, and reporting of the trial. Most non-inferiority trials aim to show only that a new treatment is an alternative to the standard of care. Being more transparent about the trial objective, however, could mean that more trials are conducted with an emphasis on the risk-benefit trade-off for a new treatment and generate more clinically meaningful trial results with a greater effect on practice

Premature mortality in people affected by co-occurring homelessness, justice involvement, opioid dependence, and psychosis: a retrospective cohort study using linked administrative data.

BACKGROUND: Homelessness, opioid dependence, justice involvement, and psychosis are each associated with an increased risk of poor health and commonly co-occur in the same individuals. Most existing studies of mortality associated with this co-occurrence rely on active follow-up methods prone to selection and retention bias, and focus on a limited set of specific exposures rather than taking a population-based approach. To address these limitations, we did a retrospective cohort study using linked administrative data. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we linked a population register of adults resident in Glasgow, UK, to administrative datasets from homelessness and criminal justice services; community pharmacies; and a clinical psychosis registry with data from April 1, 2010 to March 31, 2014. Linkage to death registrations from April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2019 provided follow-up data on premature mortality (age <75 years) from all causes, non-communicable diseases, and causes considered potentially avoidable through health-care or public health intervention. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) using Poisson regression, adjusting for age, gender, socioeconomic deprivation, and calendar time. FINDINGS: Of 536 653 cohort members, 11 484 (2·1%) died during follow-up. All-cause premature mortality was significantly higher among people with multiple exposures than among people with single exposures, and among people with any exposure than among people with none (eg, homelessness plus other exposures vs no exposures: HR 8·4 [95% CI 7·3-9·5]; homelessness alone vs no exposures: HR 2·2 [1·9-2·5]). Avoidable premature mortality was highest among those with multiple exposures (eg, imprisonment plus other exposures vs no exposures: HR 10·5 [9·1-12·3]; imprisonment alone vs no exposures: HR 3·8 [3·0-4·8]). Premature mortality from non-communicable disease was higher among those with any exposures than among those with none, despite accounting for a lower proportion of deaths in the exposed group; although in some cases there was little difference between estimates for single versus multiple exposures. INTERPRETATION: The co-occurrence of at least two of homelessness, opioid dependence, justice involvement, or psychosis is associated with very high rates of premature mortality, particularly from avoidable causes of death, including non-communicable disease. Responding to these findings demands wide-ranging efforts across health-care provision, public health, and social policy. Future work should examine the timing and sequencing of exposures to better understand the causal pathways underlying excess mortality

The Development Of An Interactive Industry/Academic Power Engineering Education Program At The University Of Missouri-Rolla

This paper describes the development of a unique andinno-vative program in power engineering education enhanced through an Industry/Academic interrelationship. This program is devoted to both the teaching and the practice of power engineering. The development of the Industry/Academic relationship and its value as a model for power engineering education are related. A summary of present and proposed future activities concludes the report. Copyright © 1978 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc