16,989 research outputs found
Angular Momentum on the Lattice: The Case of Non-Zero Linear Momentum
The irreducible representations (IRs) of the double cover of the Euclidean
group with parity in three dimensions are subduced to the corresponding cubic
space group. The reduction of these representations gives the mapping of
continuum angular momentum states to the lattice in the case of non-zero linear
momentum. The continuous states correspond to lattice states with the same
momentum and continuum rotational quantum numbers decompose into those of the
IRs of the little group of the momentum vector on the lattice. The inverse
mapping indicates degeneracies that will appear between levels of different
lattice IRs in the continuum limit, recovering the continuum angular momentum
multiplets. An example of this inverse mapping is given for the case of the
``moving'' isotropic harmonic oscillator.Comment: v3) Little groups for lattice momenta corrected. Includes corrections
from erratum submitted to Phys. Rev. D and a more consistent labeling scheme.
v2) Minor changes to little groups. (9 pages
Empagliflozin is associated with improvements in liver enzymes potentially consistent with reductions in liver fat: results from randomised trials including the EMPA-REG OUTCOME® trial
Aims/hypothesis:
In addition to beneficial effects on glycaemia and cardiovascular death, empagliflozin improves adiposity indices. We investigated the effect of empagliflozin on aminotransferases (correlates of liver fat) in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Methods:
Changes from baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were assessed in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME® trial (n = 7020), pooled data from four 24-week placebo-controlled trials (n = 2477) and a trial of empagliflozin vs glimepiride over 104 weeks (n = 1545). Analyses were performed using data from all participants and by tertiles of baseline aminotransferases.
Results:
In the EMPA-REG OUTCOME® trial, mean ± SE changes from baseline ALT at week 28 were −2.96 ± 0.18 and −0.73 ± 0.25 U/l with empagliflozin and placebo, respectively (adjusted mean difference: −2.22 [95% CI −2.83, −1.62]; p < 0.0001). Reductions in ALT were greatest in the highest ALT tertile (placebo-adjusted mean difference at week 28: −4.36 U/l [95% CI −5.51, −3.21]; p < 0.0001). The adjusted mean difference in change in ALT was −3.15 U/l (95% CI −4.11, −2.18) with empagliflozin vs placebo at week 24 in pooled 24-week data, and −4.88 U/l (95% CI −6.68, −3.09) with empagliflozin vs glimepiride at week 28. ALT reductions were largely independent of changes in weight or HbA1c. AST changes showed similar patterns to ALT, but the reductions were considerably lower.
Conclusions/interpretation:
These highly consistent results suggest that empagliflozin reduces aminotransferases in individuals with type 2 diabetes, in a pattern (reductions in ALT>AST) that is potentially consistent with a reduction in liver fat, especially when ALT levels are high
Multiparticle States and the Hadron Spectrum on the Lattice
The Clebsch-Gordan decomposition is calculated for direct products of the
irreducible representations of the cubic space group. These results are used to
identify multiparticle states which appear in the hadron spectrum on the
lattice. Consideration of the cubic space group indicates how combinations of
both zero momentum and non-zero momentum multiparticle states contribute to the
spectrum.Comment: v2) Little groups for lattice momenta corrected. Includes a more
consistent labeling scheme. (13 pages
\u3ci\u3eAcrobasis\u3c/i\u3e Shoot Moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Infestation-Tree Height Link in a Young Black Walnut Plantation
Acrobasis shoot moth infestations were evaluated in a young black walnut progeny test for 4 years, from ages 3 to 6. Infestation levels were greatest on the largest trees in the fourth and fifth year after plantation establishment, and were declining by the sixth year. Acrobasis infestation appears to be a problem primarily on young trees less than 2.5 m in height. There was no evidence for genetic resistance to Acrobasis infestation in black walnut
Structure, Composition, and Mechanical Properties of Australian Orthodontic Wires
Objective: To investigate the surface morphology, structure, elemental composition, and key mechanical properties of various sizes and tempers of Australian wires.
Materials and Methods: Three types of Australian wire were used: 0.016″ regular, 0.018″ regular+, and 0.018″ special+ (A.J. Wilcock, Whittlesea, Victoria, Australia). Each type of wire was subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) investigation, Vickers hardness testing, and tensile testing. The modulus of elasticity and ultimate tensile strength were determined. Hardness, modulus, and strength data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey testing at the .05 level of significance.
Results: All three types of Australian wire were found to possess considerably rough surfaces with striations, irregularities, and excessive porosity. All three wire types had high levels of carbon and a similar hardness, which ranged within 600 VHN (Vickers hardness number), and a similar modulus of elasticity (173 to 177 GPa). The 0.018″ special+ had a significantly lower tensile strength (1632 MPa) than the 0.016″ regular and the 0.018″ regular+ wire (2100 MPa).
Conclusions: Australian wires did not show variation implied by the size or temper of the wires
Prothymosin α is a component of a linker histone chaperone
AbstractLinker histone H1 binds with high affinity to naked and nucleosomal DNA in vitro but is rapidly exchanged between chromatin sites in vivo suggesting the involvement of one or more linker histone chaperones. Using permeabilized cells, we demonstrate that the small acidic protein prothymosin α (ProTα) can facilitate H1 displacement from and deposition onto the native chromatin template. Depletion of ProTα levels in vivo by siRNA-mediated mRNA degradation resulted in a decreased rate of exchange of linker histones as assayed by photobleaching techniques. These results indicate that ProTα is a component of a linker histone chaperone
Prospects for Stem Cell-Based Therapy
Resident pools of somatic stem cells in many organs are responsible for tissue maintenance and repair. The goal of regenerative medicine is to exploit these cells either by transplanting them from an exogenous source or by activating endogenous stem cells pharmacologically. For diseases caused by mutations in a single gene, the therapeutic goal is tissue replacement using stem cells engineered to correct the genetic defect. However, a number of technical hurdles must be overcome before therapies based on pluripotent human stem cells can enter the clinic
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