The Capabilities Approach and Gendered Education: An Examination of South African Complexities

This article examines Amartya Sen's writings on the capabilities approach and education. Sen sometimes suggests a loose association between education and schooling. Elsewhere he concludes that one can read off the outputs of schooling as an indication of capabilities and an enhancement of freedom. While the capability approach provides a valuable way beyond human capital theorizing about education, Sen's writing fails to take account of the complex settings in which schooling takes place. Sometimes schooling does not entail an enhancement of capabilities and substantive freedom. South African policy responses to the HIV/AIDS epidemic highlight how using the capability approach to evaluation without paying attention to conditions of gender and race inequality yield only half the picture. © 2003, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved

Additional file 3: Table S1. of A clone-free, single molecule map of the domestic cow (Bos taurus) genome

Tabulation of discordances between BtOM1.0 and UMD3.1. (XLSX 399 kb

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of A clone-free, single molecule map of the domestic cow (Bos taurus) genome

Rmap alignments (“hits”) against UMD3.1 for each chromosome; colored hash marks represent aligned Rmaps and annotated by tallies of coverage (X) and total mass (Mb). Rmap alignment for each chromosome is shown at the end of each chromosome. Green box (21,500,000–24,800,000 bp) highlights a 3.3 Mb region harboring dense Rmap alignments. Purple boxes (chr7:7,800,000–22,500,000 bp; chr12:70,360,000–76,785,000 bp) show regions of diminished Rmap alignments, suggesting that the sequence assemblies here are likely problematic. (PDF 16691 kb

Additional file 1: of Relationship between gene expression and lung function in Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias

Supplemental Figures and Tables. (PDF 2199 kb

Additional file 1: Tables S1. of Genome-wide imputation study identifies novel HLA locus for pulmonary fibrosis and potential role for auto-immunity in fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia

205 SNPs Associated with IIP at 5 × 10−8 in Imputation Analysis. Table S2: SNPs with 5×10−8 < Pimputed-adjusted < .0001. Table S3: GWAS-Significant SNPs after Meta-Analysis in All Regions (Most Significant in Region in Bold Type). Table S4: Table of 70 SNPs (46 original, 24 from imputation) Adjusted for Top SNP in Region if More than One SNP in Region. Top SNP Defined in Bold Type in Table S3a. All Cases (Discovery and GWAS) Compared to Replication Controls. Table S5: HLA Allele Imputation Accuracy Summary. Table S6: HLA Allele Association with IIP. Table S7: Chromosome 6p21 genes studied via RNA-seq. Table S8: Differential Expression by Case–control Status. Table S9: Differential Expression by Genotype at rs7887 Among Controls. Table S10: Differential Expression by Imputed Number of Copies of DRB1*15:01 Among Cases (RNA-seq). Table S11: Differential Expression by Imputed Number of Copies of DQB1*06*02 Among Cases (RNA-seq). Table S12: 214 Novel SNPs Meeting Carry-forward Threshold at P < 1 × 10−4 in Imputation Analysis using 1000 Genomes Reference. Figure S1: Q-Q plots of P-values from SNPTest using Imputed Dosage for a) Genotyped SNPs and b) Imputed SNPs Prior to Genomic Control Adjustment Based on Genotyped SNP P-values from GEMMA analysis (see manuscript statistical methods for details). Figure S2: Q-Q plot of imputed (adjusted) p-values (inflation factor = 1.04) after genomic control correction. Figure S3: Imputation GWAS Results Fig. 1: Imputation GWAS results with 1616 cases and 4683 controls under additive model. SNPs above red line were genome-wide significant at P < 5 × 10-8. A subset of these SNPs and SNPs between red and blue lines, corresponding to 5 × 10−8 < P-value < .0001, were selected for follow-up and genotyped in 878 cases and 2017 controls. Figure S4: Histogram of. INFO Scores from SNPTest. Only SNPs with .INFO >0.5 Included. Figure S5: Comparison of SNPTest p-values after genomic control (see manuscript statistical methods) and GEMMA dosage-values. GEMMA dosage p-values computed after initial study complete. (DOCX 8917 kb