HISA big data in biomedicine and healthcare 2013 conference

Additional file 5. Biofilm formation by the S. suis serotype 2 (S2) and serotype 9 (S9) wild-type and agI/II -deficient mutant strains in the absence of porcine fibrinogen. Biofilm formation capacity was quantified after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C in the absence of porcine fibrinogen. Data represent the mean ± SEM from at least three independent experiments

Bismuth-Catalyzed Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) with a Phenanthrene Backbone via Cyclization and Aromatization of 2‑(2-Arylphenyl)­vinyl Ethers

The reaction of 2-(2-arylphenyl)­vinyl ethers in the presence of a catalytic amount of bismuth­(III) triflate gave substituted phenanthrenes in excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. The reaction was also applied to the construction of other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as chrysene, helicene, and pyrene having a phenanthrene backbone, via regioselective cyclization. This method has the advantages of easy availability of the cyclization precursors, operational simplicity, and high reaction efficiency

Absence of capsular polysaccharide is associated with increased surface hydrophobicity of <i>S</i>. <i>suis</i> serotype 2.

<p>Hydrophobicity of wild-type and mutant strains was determined using <i>n</i>-hexadecane. Data represent the mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. *** (<i>p</i> < 0.001) indicates a significant difference between wild-type strains (P1/7 or 89–1591) and their non-encapsulated mutants (Δ<i>cpsF</i> and Δ<i>neuC</i>).</p

Strain-dependent role of the capsular polysaccharide in <i>S</i>. <i>suis</i> serotype 2 resistance to phagocytosis by dendritic cells (DCs).

<p>Internalization kinetics (0.5 to 4 h) of wild-type and non-encapsulated mutant strains by DCs. Data represent the mean ± SEM from four independent experiments. * (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and ** (<i>p</i> < 0.01) indicate a significant difference between P1/7 and P1/<i>7</i>Δ<i>cpsF</i> or P1/<i>7</i>Δ<i>neuC</i>.</p

Strain-dependent role of capsular polysaccharide in interference of <i>S</i>. <i>suis</i> serotype 2-induced cytokine production by dendritic cells (DCs).

<p>Cytokine production by DCs following infection with wild-type and non-encapsulated mutant strains after 16 h of incubation, as measured by ELISA, with the exception of IFN-β, after 6 h of incubation, by RT-qPCR. Production of TNF (A), IL-6 (B), IL-12p70 (C), CXCL1 (D), and IFN-β (E). Data represent the mean ± SEM from four independent experiments. C- denotes the negative control (cells in medium alone). *** (<i>p</i> < 0.001) indicates a significant difference between P1/7 and P1/<i>7</i>Δ<i>cpsF</i> or P1/<i>7</i>Δ<i>neuC</i>.</p

List of oligonucleotide primers used in this study.

<p>List of oligonucleotide primers used in this study.</p

Capsular polysaccharide is required for virulence of the <i>S</i>. <i>suis</i> serotype 2 ST25 strain 89–1591 in a mouse model of infection and persistence in blood.

<p>Survival (A) and blood bacterial burden 24 h post-infection (B) of CD-1 mice following intraperitoneal inoculation of 5 x 10⁷ CFU of wild-type strain 89–1591 or its non-encapsulated mutants 89-1591Δ<i>cpsF</i> and 89-1591Δ<i>neuC</i>. Data represent the survival curves (A) or geometric mean (B) of 15 mice/strain. *** (<i>p</i> < 0.001) indicates a significant difference between survival or blood bacterial burden of mice infected with wild-type strain 89–1591 and those infected with non-encapsulated mutants (89-1591Δ<i>cpsF</i> and 89–1591Δ<i>neuC</i>).</p

List of strains and plasmids used in this study.

<p>List of strains and plasmids used in this study.</p

Deletion of genes involved in <i>S</i>. <i>suis</i> serotype 2 capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis (<i>cpsF</i> and <i>neuC</i>) results in non-encapsulation of the ST25 strain 89–1591.

<p>Transmission electron microscopy following labelling with polycationic ferritin of the ST25 wild-type strain 89–1591 (A) or its isogenic mutants 89–1591Δ<i>cpsF</i> (B) and 89–1591Δ<i>neuC</i> (C). Black bars = 1 μm.</p

The <i>S</i>. <i>suis</i> serotype 2 capsular polysaccharide is required for resisting the bactericidal effect of whole blood regardless of strain background.

<p>Capacity of wild-type strains and non-encapsulated mutants to resist the bactericidal effect of murine whole blood after 4 h of incubation. Percentage of bacterial killing was calculated in comparison to bacteria in plasma alone. Data represent the mean ± SEM from four independent experiments. n.d. denotes not detected. *** (<i>p</i> < 0.001) indicates a significant difference between wild-type strains (P1/7 or 89–1591) and their mutants (Δ<i>cpsF</i> or Δ<i>neuC</i>).</p