metabolomics of a range expanding arthropod_results of GC-MS analysis

This file contains the outcomes of the GC-MS analysis described in Van Petegem et al. 2016_Metabolomics of a range expanding arthropod. The analysis was performed for two-spotted spider mites collected in nine localities along this species' latitudinal expansion gradient. For each of the 43 metabolites that were detected in the mite samples (5 samples per locality), nmol/sample is given

Multiscale Approach to Deciphering the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Direct and Intergenerational Effect of Ibuprofen on Mosquito <i>Aedes aegypti</i>

The anti-inflammatory ibuprofen is a ubiquitous surface water contaminant. However, the chronic impact of this pharmaceutical on aquatic invertebrate populations remains poorly understood. In model insect <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, we investigated the intergenerational consequences of parental chronic exposure to an environmentally relevant concentration of ibuprofen. While exposed individuals did not show any phenotypic changes, their progeny showed accelerated development and an increased tolerance to starvation. In order to understand the mechanistic processes underpinning the direct and intergenerational impacts of ibuprofen, we combined transcriptomic, metabolomics, and hormone kinetics studies at several life stages in exposed individuals and their progeny. This integrative approach revealed moderate transcriptional changes in exposed larvae consistent with the pharmacological mode of action of ibuprofen. Parental exposure led to lower levels of several polar metabolites in progeny eggs and to major transcriptional changes in the following larval stage. These transcriptional changes, most likely driven by changes in the expression of numerous transcription factors and epigenetic regulators, led to ecdysone signaling and stress response potentiation. Overall, the present study illustrates the complexity of the molecular basis of the intergenerational pollutant response in insects and the importance of considering the entire life cycle of exposed organisms and of their progeny in order to fully understand the mode of action of pollutants and their impact on ecosystems

DeCyder output of the identified proteins.

<p>Graphs show the normalized spot volumes from four replicate gels for diapausing (D) and nondiapausing (ND) phenotypes, together with three-dimensional fluorescence intensity profiles and corresponding fold changes (D/ND) of the identified spots. Complete properties of identified proteins are given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0032606#pone-0032606-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0032606#pone.0032606.s001" target="_blank">Table S1</a>.</p

List of significantly modulated proteins identified in <i>P. volucre</i> mummies by nano-LC-MS/MS.

<p>List of significantly modulated proteins identified in <i>P. volucre</i> mummies by nano-LC-MS/MS.</p

Comparison of metabolite levels in <i>P. volucre</i> mummies.

<p>Quotients of mean content of diapausing (D) over nondiapausing (ND) are shown (i.e. fold change). Red and green bars represent increased and reduced metabolite levels in D mummies respectively. Stars indicate significant difference between D and ND treatments (<i>t</i>-test, <i>P</i><0.05). A volcano plot is enclosed within this figure; metabolites are ranked according to their statistical <i>P</i>-value (y-axis) and their relative abundance ratio between D and ND (log₂ fold change) (x-axis). Off-centred metabolites are those that vary the most between D and ND phenotypes. Symbols (▴), (▾) and (•) for up-regulated, down-regulated and unaffected metabolites in D mummies respectively. Refer to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0032606#pone-0032606-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a> for metabolites abbreviation.</p

Metabolites detected in the mummified parasitoids <i>P. volucre</i>ⁱ.

i<p>Metabolites abbreviation in parentheses.</p

Representative image of the separation of <i>P. volucre</i> proteins on a 2D-DIGE gel.

<p>On this merged image, the non diapausing group was labeled with Cy3 (green) and diapausing group was labeled with Cy5 (red). Identified proteins showing differential expression level are annotated on the gel with their respective spot number; complete properties of identified proteins are given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0032606#pone-0032606-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0032606#pone.0032606.s001" target="_blank">Table S1</a>.</p

Graphical representation of quantitative proteomics data.

<p>Proteins are ranked in a volcano plot according to their statistical <i>P</i>-value (y-axis) and their relative abundance ratio (log₂ fold change) between nondiapausing (ND) and diapausing (D) phenotypes (x-axis). Off-centred spots are those that vary the most between both groups. All matched spots are represented (symbol <b>×</b>) together with the 30 spots selected for identification (symbol ▪) with mass spectrometry.</p

Multivariate analysis (PCA) on metabolomic data.

<p>Panel A illustrates that plotting the first two principal components (PCs) results in a clear-cut separation of diapausing (D) and nondiapausing (ND) metabotypes along PC1. Lines link individuals to their respective centroids (<i>n</i> = 7). Projection of the 48 variables on the correlation circle is shown in panel B.</p

Total metabolite (A) and amino acid (B) content in non-diapausing (ND) and diapausing (D) <i>Tetranychus urticae</i> female.

<p>Contents are expressed as mean ± S.E. Non-acclimated mites: ND, D; Mites acclimated at 5°C: NDA5, DA5. Bars with different letters are significantly different (<i>P</i><0.05).</p