G6PD (A-) frequency according to sex and treatment (AQ+SP: amodiaquine+sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine; CD+A chlorproguanil-dapsone+artesunate).

a<p>Comparison between boys and girls p = 0.3.</p

Mean PCV according to treatment group (AQ+SP: amodiaquine+sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and CD+A: chlorproguanil-dapsone+artesunate), G6PD status (deficient: hemizygous males and homozygous females) and day of follow-up.

<p>Mean PCV according to treatment group (AQ+SP: amodiaquine+sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and CD+A: chlorproguanil-dapsone+artesunate), G6PD status (deficient: hemizygous males and homozygous females) and day of follow-up.</p

Relative Risk (95% CI) of receiving a blood transfusion according to G6PD status following treatment with chlorproguanil-dapsone+artesunate (CD+A) or amodiaquine+sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (AQ+SP).

c<p>One patient G6PD (B) was transfused at day 14 for a concomitant disease. Results excluding this case are: RR 49.8 (5.5, 455.5), RR 42.7 (4.6, 393.1) and RR 20.4 (2.2, 191.7), for hemizygous boys, hemizygous boys+homozygous girls, and hemizygous boys+homozygous girls+heterozygous girls, respectively.</p

Mean fractional reduction (±SD) in PCV according to treatment group (AQ+SP: amodiaquine+sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine; CD+A: chlorproguanil-dapsone+artesunate), G6PD status (deficient: hemizygous males and homozygous females) and proportion of patients whose PCV fell below 20 and 25%.

b<p>Results by gender: CD+A G6PD (B) 5 girls and 2 boys; CD+A G6PD, 4 boys; AQ+SP G6PD (B) 1 girl and 8 boys; AQ+SP G6PD (A-) 1 girl.</p

MOESM1 of Detection of Plasmodium falciparum male and female gametocytes and determination of parasite sex ratio in human endemic populations by novel, cheap and robust RTqPCR assays

Additional file 1: Table S1. Plasmodium falciparum genes showing the 10 lowest female to male mRNA ratio (male specific) and the 10 highest female to male mRNA ratio (female specific), from Lasonder et al. [16]. Table S2. Primer sequences for amplification of target constructs. Table S3. Limit of Quantification and quality parameters of RTqPCR assays. Table S4. Parameters of the formula to extrapolate gametocyte sex ratio from RTqPCR data. Figure S1. Melting curves of RTqPCR assays. Figure S2. Standard Curves of RTqPCR assays. Figure S3. Expression of target genes in male and female P. falciparum gametocytes. Figure S4. Sensitivity of pfs25 Taqman and pfs25 SYBR Green assays according to RNA quality/quantity

Demographic and clinical characteristics of children at enrolment according to treatment (AQ+SP: amodiaquine+sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine; CD+A chlorproguanil-dapsone+artesunate) and presence of the G6PD (A-) deficiency allele (hemizygous males, homozygous and heterozygous females).

<p>Demographic and clinical characteristics of children at enrolment according to treatment (AQ+SP: amodiaquine+sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine; CD+A chlorproguanil-dapsone+artesunate) and presence of the G6PD (A-) deficiency allele (hemizygous males, homozygous and heterozygous females).</p

Seasonal variation of the IgG response to the <i>P. falciparum</i> CSP in Mossi and Fulani.

<p>Scatter plot of OD values representing the IgG response to the <i>P. falciparum</i> CSP among gSG6 IgG responders of the Mossi and Fulani ethnic groups in the three different surveys. C, unexposed controls (n = 28). Bars, number of Mossi and Fulani analyzed, p values and pairwise comparisons as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0096130#pone-0096130-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>. Note that three data points are outside the axis limits.</p

IgG4/IgG1 ratio by age group in Mossi and Fulani.

<p>Scatter plot reporting the IgG4/IgG1 ratio by age group in Mossi (n = 120) and Fulani (n = 95). Data from the three different surveys were pooled together and individuals with no detectable IgG1 or IgG4 (or both) were excluded from the analysis. The five different age groups (years) are indicated at the bottom. The number of individuals for each age group is given in parenthesis. Bars indicate median values. P values determined according to the Kruskal-Wallis test. Pairwise comparisons refer to the Mann-Whitney U test (*, 0.01</p

Humoral response to the gSG6 and CSP proteins according to age.

<p>Scatter plot reporting the antibody responses to gSG6 (IgG1, black; IgG4, red) and to CSP (IgG, green) as function of age among gSG6 IgG responders of the Mossi (n = 148) and Fulani (n = 122) ethnic groups from the three different surveys. Anti-gSG6 IgG1 and IgG4 are expressed as titers (ng/ml, left Y axis); IgG response to CSP is expressed as OD₄₀₅ (right Y axis). The best-fit lines are shown (Mossi, solid lines; Fulani dashed lines). Spearman correlation coefficients: (i) anti-CSP IgG (Mossi, r = 0.53, p<0.0001; Fulani, r = 0.41, p<0.0001); (ii) anti-gSG6 IgG1 (Mossi, r = −0.25, p = 0.0019; Fulani, r = −0.27, p = 0.0024); (iii) anti-gSG6 IgG4 (Mossi, r = −0.12, p = 0.1359; Fulani, r = −0.29, p = 0.0013). Note that twenty-six data points are outside the axis limits.</p

Seasonal variation of the gSG6-specific IgG1 and IgG4 antibody titers in the sympatric ethnic groups Mossi and Fulani.

<p>Scatter plots reporting IgG1 (left panel) and IgG4 (right panel) antibody titers among gSG6 IgG responders of the Mossi and Fulani ethnic groups in the three different surveys. C, unexposed controls. Bars indicate median values. Number of individuals analyzed (n) and average age in years ±95% CI were as follows. August: Mossi n = 60 (22.0±4.5), Fulani n = 63 (16.1±3.9); October: Mossi n = 56 (13.0±3.4), Fulani n = 30 (21.2±7.0); March: Mossi n = 32 (15.3±5.1), Fulani n = 29 (11.6±4.2); Controls n = 44 (33.1±7.1). P values determined according to the Kruskal-Wallis test. Pairwise comparisons refer to the Mann-Whitney U test (*, 0.01</p