Segmentation of ROIs including prefrontal white matter (A), cerebellar white matter (B) and optic radiation (C) on axial T2 images.

<p>D: 3D reconstruction of optic radiation ROIs on a registered T1 volumetric image. E: Box-plot of MD values of optic radiations in controls, LHON healthy carriers and LHON patients. (Each box shows the median, quartiles, extreme values; * = P<0.01).</p

Top: neuron soma size by layer type for LHON and control LGN.

<p>The ratio of the magnocellular to parvocellular layers for the two LGN is similar suggesting that the atrophy seen in the LHON case was consistent across all layers. Middle: average cell density of the magnocellular and parvocellular layers for both the LHON and control LGNs. LHON LGN exhibits a decrease in neuron density consistent across both cell layer types. Bottom: axonal counts for LHON and control left optic nerve.</p

Top panel: optic nerves in cross-section and stained by p-Phenylenediamine for control and LHON patient (25x magnification).

<p>In the LHON patient only a small patch of fibers remains (arrow) in the super-nasal quadrant. Bottom panel: lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN) of control and LHON patients with all magnocellular (1 and 2) and parvocellular (3–6) layers identified (25x magnification). Insets represent samples of each zone at 200x magnification.</p

MD values of optic radiation, prefrontal white matter and cerebellar white matter in LHON patients, LHON healthy carriers and controls with group comparison results (first two sections).

<p>The bottom of the table shows the results of GLM analysis used to evaluate the effect of genetic, clinical and demographic data on optic radiation MD values in LHON patients.</p>*<p> = mean of left and right MD values.</p>#<p> = corrected for multiple comparisons.</p><p>Values are reported as mean and standard deviation.</p><p>MD: mean diffusivity; WM: white matter; n.s.: not significant; GLM: general linear model.</p