Treatment with T₃ increases ZAG production by the liver but not in adipose tissue in C57BL/6 mice.

<p>(<b>A</b>) ZAG blood levels increase in mice treated with T₃ when compared with vehicle treated mice. (<b>B</b>) Analysis of ZAG mRNA expression in liver and adipose tissue of mice treated as in A. Mouse 18S was amplified as an internal control, and values are expressed as percentage relative to the untreated cells. Data are expressed as mean ± SD of triplicates.</p

ZAG induces lipolysis in HepG2 cells.

<p>Measurement of glycerol accumulation in the medium after treatment for 6(3 µM) and ZAG (1, 10 and 50 µg/ml). Data are expressed as mean ± SD of triplicates.</p

Treatment with T₃ do not change ZAG production in human adipocytes.

<p>(<b>A</b>) ZAG media from human adipocytes treated over the course of 3 days with vehicle (ethanol) or T₃ (10 and 100 nM) was measured by ELISA. Data are expressed as mean ± SD of triplicates. (<b>B</b>) ZAG mRNA levels from human adipocytes treated as in A. Human 18S was amplified as an internal control, and values are expressed as percentage relative to the untreated cells. Data are expressed as mean ± SD of triplicates.</p

Clinical and laboratory features of patients included in the study at diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and at the moment of normalization of thyroid function.

<p>Clinical and laboratory features of patients included in the study at diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and at the moment of normalization of thyroid function.</p

Treatment with T₃ increases ZAG production in HepG2 cells.

<p>(<b>A</b>) ZAG media from HepG2 cells treated over the course of 3 days with vehicle (ethanol) or T₃ (1, 10 and 100 nM) was measured by ELISA. Data are expressed as mean ± SD of triplicates. (<b>B</b>) ZAG mRNA levels from HepG2 cells treated as in A. Human 18S was amplified as an internal control, and values are expressed as percentage relative to the untreated cells. Data are expressed as mean ± SD of triplicates. (<b>C</b>) Western blot of ZAG and PPIA from extracts of HepG2 cells treated as in A.</p

Treatment with streptozotocin reduces androgen receptor staining in prostate tumors in PAC120 mouse model.

<p>(<b>A</b>) HE staining of prostate tumor xenografts from control mice, (<b>D</b>) citrate treated mice, (<b>G</b>) STZ-treated before tumor implantation and (<b>J</b>) STZ-treated after tumor implantation. (<b>B</b>) AR staining of prostate tumor xenografts from non-treated mice, (<b>E</b>) citrate treated mice, (<b>H</b>) STZ-treated mice before tumor implantation and (<b>K</b>) STZ-treated mice after tumor implantation. (<b>C</b>) Cytokeratine staining of prostate tumor xenografts from control mice, (<b>F</b>) citrate treated mice, (<b>I</b>) STZ-treated mice before tumor implantation and (<b>L</b>) STZ-treated mice after tumor implantation.</p

Hyperglycemia downregulates androgen receptor levels in LNCaP cells.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Relative AR mRNA levels in the presence of different D-glucose concentrations are shown. Human 18S mRNA was amplified as a control. Data points are shown as mean ± SD of triplicates. (<b>B</b>) Analysis of AR protein levels in the presence of different D-glucose concentrations in LNCaP cells by western blot. PPIA has been used as a housekeeping reference protein.</p

Treatment with streptozotocin reduces prostate tumor growth in PAC120 mouse model.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Pictures of tumors developed in vehicle treated mice (n = 5) (i), STZ treated after or before tumor implantation (n = 7 for both) with reduced (ii) or no tumor growth (iii). (<b>B</b>) Comparison of tumor volume for non-treated (n = 5) and citrate treated (n = 5) mice. (<b>C</b>) Tumor volume of STZ-treated animals after tumor implantation compared with tumor volume of citrate treated mice. (<b>D</b>) Tumor volume of STZ-treated animals before tumor implantation compared with tumor volume of citrate treated mice. Data are mean ± SD. *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 compared with the control.</p

Analysis of the androgen receptor and p65 levels in tumor xenografts of control and STZ treated mice.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Relative AR mRNA levels for citrate and STZ-treated mice. Human 18 S mRNA was amplified as a control. Data points are shown as mean ± SD of triplicates. (<b>B</b>) Analysis of AR (left panel) and phospho-p-65 (right panel) protein levels from citrate and STZ-treated mice measured by Western blotting using PPIA as a housekeeping reference protein.</p

Synergic effects of hyperglycemia and TNFα on the androgen receptor downregulation in LNCaP cells.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Relative AR mRNA levels in LNCaP treated with an increasing concentration of D-glucose with or without TNFα. Human 18 S mRNA was amplified as a control. Data points are shown as mean ± SD of triplicates. *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 compared with 5 mM of D-glucose. (<b>B</b>) Analysis of AR protein levels in LNCaP cells treated as in <b>A</b> measured by Western blotting using PPIA as a housekeeping reference protein.</p