First results from the JWST Early Release Science Program Q3D: Ionization cone, clumpy star formation and shocks in a z=3z=3 extremely red quasar host

Massive galaxies formed most actively at redshifts $z=1-3$ during the period known as `cosmic noon.' Here we present an emission-line study of an extremely red quasar SDSSJ165202.64+172852.3 host galaxy at $z=2.94$, based on observations with the Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) integral field unit (IFU) on board JWST. We use standard emission-line diagnostic ratios to map the sources of gas ionization across the host and a swarm of companion galaxies. The quasar dominates the photoionization, but we also discover shock-excited regions orthogonal to the ionization cone and the quasar-driven outflow. These shocks could be merger-induced or -- more likely, given the presence of a powerful galactic-scale quasar outflow -- these are signatures of wide-angle outflows that can reach parts of the galaxy that are not directly illuminated by the quasar. Finally, the kinematically narrow emission associated with the host galaxy presents as a collection of 1 kpc-scale clumps forming stars at a rate of at least 200 $M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$. The ISM within these clumps shows high electron densities, reaching up to 3,000 cm$^{-3}$ with metallicities ranging from half to a third solar with a positive metallicity gradient and V band extinctions up to 3 magnitudes. The star formation conditions are far more extreme in these regions than in local star-forming galaxies but consistent with that of massive galaxies at cosmic noon. JWST observations reveal an archetypical rapidly forming massive galaxy undergoing a merger, a clumpy starburst, an episode of obscured near-Eddington quasar activity, and an extremely powerful quasar outflow simultaneously.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap

First results from the JWST Early Release Science Program Q3D: The Warm Ionized Gas Outflow in z ~ 1.6 Quasar XID 2028 and its Impact on the Host Galaxy

Quasar feedback may regulate the growth of supermassive black holes, quench coeval star formation, and impact galaxy morphology and the circumgalactic medium. However, direct evidence for quasar feedback in action at the epoch of peak black hole accretion at z ~ 2 remains elusive. A good case in point is the z = 1.6 quasar WISEA J100211.29+013706.7 (XID 2028) where past analyses of the same ground-based data have come to different conclusions. Here we revisit this object with the integral field unit of the Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) on board the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) as part of Early Release Science program Q3D. The excellent angular resolution and sensitivity of the JWST data reveal new morphological and kinematic sub-structures in the outflowing gas plume. An analysis of the emission line ratios indicates that photoionization by the central quasar dominates the ionization state of the gas with no obvious sign for a major contribution from hot young stars anywhere in the host galaxy. Rest-frame near-ultraviolet emission aligned along the wide-angle cone of outflowing gas is interpreted as a scattering cone. The outflow has cleared a channel in the dusty host galaxy through which some of the quasar ionizing radiation is able to escape and heat the surrounding interstellar and circumgalactic media. The warm ionized outflow is not powerful enough to impact the host galaxy via mechanical feedback, but radiative feedback by the AGN, aided by the outflow, may help explain the unusually small molecular gas mass fraction in the galaxy host.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

The State of the California Current in 1998-1999: Transition to Cool-Water Conditions

Hayward et al.: The California Current, 1998-1999, CalCOFI Rep., Vol. 40, 1999.This report reviews and provides a preliminary interpretation of recent observations made by CalCOFI (California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations) and other programs sampling the coastal waters of the Californias. Since this is a continuation of a series of annual reports, the emphasis here is upon observations made during the past 18 months, but longer-term trends must also be considered. The major change in oceanographic structure in the past year was the transition from strong El Niiio conditions in early 1998 to cool-water, La Nilia conditions in early 1999. Ecosystem structure also showed large changes during this period. Phytoplankton abundance during 1998, as indlcated by chlorophyll concentration, was typical of the values seen during the last decade, but it appeared to be increasing in early 1999 in association with the transition to cool-water conditions

The State of the California Current, 1996-1997: Mixed Signals from the Tropics

Schwing et al.: The California Current, 1996-1997, CalCOFI Rep., Vol. 38, 1997A large number of data sets from within the California Current region, and the large-scale fields that affect this region, are available for timely assessment of recent environmental conditions in this system. In addition to the long-running quarterly CalCOFI cruises, which featured the initial research cruise of RV Roger Revelle, several surveys off Baja California and central California have provided information on coastal areas adjacent to the present CalCOFI coverage. Conditions throughout the north Pacific and in the California Current are summarized and interpreted for the 1996-97 period

The State of the California Current, 1997-1998: Transition to El Niño Conditions

Lynn et al.: The California Current, 1997-1998, CalCOFI Rep., Vol. 39, 1998This report, part of a continuing series of annual reports describing oceanographic conditions in the coastal waters of the Californias, emphasizes the 1997-98 period. The coastal waters of the Californias were strongly influenced by El Niiio conditions beginning late in the summer of 1997 and continuing into the summer of 1998. Timely prediction of the onset of this event made it possible for several research programs to augment their observation programs. We review the pattern of atmospheric forcing and changes in the tropical ocean and note the initial impacts upon the California Current system. Sampling being done by the CalCOFI (California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations) program is described, and recent data are summarized and interpreted. Data from several other programs including oceanographic sampling off Baja California and central California, and coastal data from buoys, shore stations, and diving programs in kelp forests are reported. There were large and rapid changes in atmospheric forcing and in the upper ocean temperature and salinity distribution and circulation pattern