Frequency (%) of palynotaxa recovered.

<p>Frequency (%) of palynotaxa recovered.</p

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the honey samples using the absolute value variables per sample.

<p>Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the honey samples using the absolute value variables per sample.</p

A) Photomicrographs and scanning electron micrographs of some of the significant and characteristic pollen assemblage recovered from the natural honey samples of coastal district of Bhadrak and Kendraparha, India.

<p>a. <i>Schleichera oleosa</i> (<i>S.o</i>) and <i>Cleome viscosa</i> (<i>C.v</i>) found in sample Vdrk-2; b. <i>Casuarina equisetifolia</i> (<i>C.e</i>) and <i>Bruguiera gymnorrhiza</i> (<i>B.g</i>) found in sample Krnr-1; c. <i>Sonneratia apetala</i> (<i>S.a</i>), <i>Aegiceras corniculatum</i> (<i>A.c</i>) and <i>Amaranthus viridis</i> (<i>A.v</i>) found in sample Ksba-3; d. <i>Brassica nigra</i> (<i>B.n</i>) and <i>Scleichera oleosa</i> (<i>S.o</i>) in sample Vbpr-3; e. <i>Syzygium cumini</i> (<i>S.c</i>) and <i>Barringtonia acutangula</i> (<i>B.a</i>) in sample Krka-2; f. <i>Aegiceras corniculatum</i> (<i>A.c</i>) and <i>Sonneratia apetala</i> (<i>S.a</i>) in sample Vcbl-2; g. <i>Acanthus ilicifolius</i> (<i>A.i</i>) in sample Vdma-3; h. <i>Mimosa pudica</i> (<i>M.p</i>) and <i>Zizyphus jujuba</i> (<i>Z.j</i>) in sample Vtdi-1; i. <i>Terminalia arjuna</i> (<i>T.a</i>) and <i>Lagerstroemia parviflora</i> (<i>L.p</i>) in sample Knra-3; <i>B</i>. a. <i>Aegiceras corniculatum</i> (<i>A.c</i>), <i>Ceiba protandra</i> (<i>C.p</i>) and <i>Sonneratia apetala</i> (<i>S.a</i>) in sample Krka-3; b. <i>Aegiceras corniculatum</i> (<i>A.c</i>) in sample Kbka-1; c. <i>Bruguiera gymnorrhiza</i> (<i>B.g</i>) and <i>Aegialitis rotundifolia</i> (<i>A.r</i>) in sample Kbka-3; d. <i>Pongamia pinnata</i> (<i>P.p</i>) and <i>Grewia tiliaefolia</i> (G.<i>t</i>) in sample Knht-1; e. <i>Bruguiera gymnorrhiza</i> (<i>B.g</i>) and <i>Amaranthus viridis</i> (<i>A.v</i>) in sample Ksba-2; f. <i>Cocos nucifera</i> (<i>C.n</i>) and <i>Madhuca indica</i> (<i>M.i</i>) in sample Kbkl-1; g. <i>Phoenix sylvestris</i> (<i>P.s</i>) and <i>Mimosa pudica</i> (<i>M.p</i>) in sample Vdrk-1; h. <i>Tecoma stans</i> (<i>T.s</i>) and <i>Syzygium cumini</i> (<i>S.c</i>.) in sample Vnta-2; i. <i>Prosopis juliflora</i> (<i>P.j</i>) and <i>Borassus flabellifer</i> (<i>B.f</i>) in sample Kmpa-2. Italicized initials within parenthesis after each palynotaxon above is given (as suggested by the referee) to indicate species level identification of the taxon in the respective figures of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0094572#pone-0094572-g003" target="_blank"><i>Fig.3</i></a>.<i>A</i> and <i>B</i> Bar  = 10 µm unless otherwise mentioned (original magnification: 400× and 1000×; d and g of Plate 1 and g of Plate 2 are scanning electron micrographs).</p

Location Map of study areas in the coastal districts of Orissa, India.

<p>Latitudes and longitudes of each study area and honey sample numbers have been mentioned.</p

Melissopalynological data of natural honey samples from two east-coastal districts of India.

<p>Melissopalynological data of natural honey samples from two east-coastal districts of India.</p

Nectar calendar of Bhadrak and Kendraparha districts, Orissa, India.

<p>Nectar calendar of Bhadrak and Kendraparha districts, Orissa, India.</p

Structural variation of flowers in <i>Potameia</i>.

<p>A, apical view of a dimerous flower of <i>P</i>. <i>chartacea</i>, bar = 500 μm; B, lateral view of a dissected flower of <i>P</i>. <i>chartacea</i> displaying the glands and two-locular anthers, bar = 200 μm; C, apical view of a flower of <i>P</i>. <i>micrantha</i> displaying the one-locular anthers, bar = 200 μm; D, a dissected dimerous flower of <i>P</i>. <i>micrantha</i> lacking stamens and glands of the 3^rd whorl, bar = 200 μm; E, apical view of <i>P</i>. <i>microphylla</i> displaying the included stamens and the exposed pistil, bar = 500 μm; F, lateral view of a flower of <i>P</i>. <i>microphylla</i> displaying the minute stamens and glands of the 3^rd whorl, bar = 500 μm; G, apical view of a flower of <i>P</i>. sp., bar = 500 μm; H, lateral view of a dissected flower of <i>P</i>. <i>sp</i>. displaying the stamens and glands of the 3^rd whorl, bar = 500 μm.</p

Development of flowers of <i>Syndiclis marlipoensis</i>.

<p>A, a cyme consisting of three flower buds, the triangular SAMs develop into trimerous flowers while the elliptic SAMs develop into dimerous flowers; B, two of the three primordia of the first tepal whorl, arrow marking the position of a developing tepal (P1); C, three established primordia of the second tepal whorl (P2) showing different development rates of the primordia; D, three established primordia of the first androecial whorl (S1), arrow indicating the position of a tepal (P2) which is expected to occur, leading to a flower possessing five tepals, the two established tepal primordia showing different prominence; E, a dimerous flower bud, the established primordia of the second androecial whorl (S2); F, a dimerous flower bud, stamens of the third androecial whorl not initiated while the first and second whorl of stamens well established, arrow pointing to a minute hump in the position of the third whorl of stamens; G, a dimerous flower bud, the third whorl of stamens initiated; H, a dimerous flower bud, the fourth whorl of stamens initiated; I, a flower bud with irregular merosity, two androecial primordia (S2) initiated in the position of a stamen which is expected to occur; J, a dimerous flower bud, arrow indicating the ovular protuberance; K, a dimerous flower bud, arrow pointing to the ovule not covered by the carpel; L, a trimerous flower, the carpel flanks approximating one another, the ovule enclosed. Scale bars: B: bar = 50 μm; A, C–J: bar = 100 μm; K and L: bar = 200 μm.<i>Abbreviations</i>. C, carpel; G, gland; P1, the outer whorl of tepals; P2, the inner whorl of tepals; S1, the first/outermost whorl of stamens; S2, the second whorl of stamens; S3, the third androecial whorl including either fertile stamens or staminodes; S4, the fourth androecial whorl including staminodes.</p

Cross sections of flowers of <i>Syndiclis</i> aff. <i>marlipoensis</i> showing the two lateral glands (G) attached to the base of filaments of the third androecial whorl (S3) and separate from the first androecial whorl (S1) and the first tepal whorl (P1).

<p>Scale bars: A–C: bar = 500 μm.</p

Structural variation of flowers in <i>Syndiclis fooningensis</i> (A–C) and <i>S</i>. <i>anlungensis</i> (D).

<p>A, a dimerous flower, bar = 500 um; B, a dimerous flower with one series of floral organs aborted, bar = 500 um; C, lateral view of a dimerous flower with removal of one tepal and its inner stamen displaying enlarged glands and staminodes, bar = 500 um; D, a trimerous flower, bar = 1 mm.</p