Numbers of mosquitoes captured outside experimental huts in MM-X traps with reference chemical blend B1 and CO₂ from cylinders or yeast cultures or no CO₂ in comparison with CDC light traps.

<p>(A) Numbers of <i>An. gambiae s.l.</i> females per trap-night, (B) numbers of <i>Mansonia</i> sp. mosquitoes per trap-night, (C) numbers of <i>Culex</i> sp. mosquitoes per trap-night.</p

Additional file 1 of The effect of physical barriers under a raised house on mosquito entry: an experimental study in rural Gambia

Additional file 1: Table S1. Replicated Latin rectangle design for experimental huts heights. Table S2. Insect collection for all experimental nights. Table S3. Maximum and mean relative humidity levels in huts at different heights. Figure S1. Position of light trap (shown as x), data loggers (red) and sleepers. Figure S2. Experimental huts showing position of staircases. Figure S3. Wind direction and speed (10-1 ms−1) mosquito collection nights. A= 21.00 h to 23.59 h and B= 00.00 h to 06.59 h

Numbers of mosquitoes captured outside experimental huts in MM-X counter-flow traps.

<p>The traps delivered CO₂ baited with nine different synthetic chemical odour blends (B1 – B9) in comparison with worn socks. (A) Numbers of <i>An. gambiae s.l.</i> females per trap-night, with the composition of chemical blends shown underneath, (B) numbers of <i>Mansonia</i> sp. mosquitoes per trap-night, (C) numbers of <i>Culex</i> sp. mosquitoes per trap-night.</p

Frequency distribution of smoothed tuberculin induration sizes (mm).

<p>Frequency distribution of smoothed tuberculin induration sizes (mm).</p

Correlations between Right Eye Conjunctival Gene Transcript Levels Reveal Linked Cytokine Responses and the Relationship to Control of Pathogen Load

<div><p>Abundance of <i>IFN-γ, IL-10,</i> and <i>IDO</i> relative to <i>HPRT</i> expression after log₁₀ transformation. Correlation coefficients were calculated by Spearman's rank correlation and trend lines fitted by locally weighted polynomial regression.</p> <p>(A) Strong positive correlation between the conjunctival expression of <i>IDO</i> and <i>IFN-γ</i> in individuals with infection (<i>n =</i> 69) or without infection (<i>n =</i> 238).</p> <p>(B) Strong positive correlation between the expression of <i>IFN-γ</i> and counter inflammatory <i>IL-10</i> in infected (<i>n =</i> 69) and uninfected individuals (<i>n =</i> 238).</p> <p>(C) Relative abundance of <i>IDO</i> and the load of pathogen (chlamydial 16S rRNA) in the conjunctiva. A weak positive correlation was found between pathogen load and <i>IDO</i> expression in clinically normal individuals (<i>n =</i> 42) (mean pathogen loads are lower in this group; <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030266#pmed-0030266-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>). In contrast, the relationship between <i>IDO</i> expression and pathogen load is weakly negative or absent in individuals with co-incident clinical signs of trachoma (<i>n</i> = 29) (pathogen loads are highest in this group; <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030266#pmed-0030266-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>).</p> <p>CT, <i>C. trachomatis.</i></p></div

MOESM5 of Exceptionally long-range haplotypes in Plasmodium falciparum chromosome 6 maintained in an endemic African population

Additional file 5. Linkage disequilibrium map for 13 microsatellite loci across 179.5 kb of P. falciparum chromosome 6. Each plot presents data from a single population labelled at the top left of the plot panel with the year the isolates were collected. Loci are labelled at the top of each plot. Boxes in each plot represents LD between loci in blue or red indicating non-significant or highly significant r2 values between alleles of the loci. More intense colours represent extreme values of significance

Frequency distribution of tuberculin induration sizes (mm) by residence in school children with a BCG scar present.

<p>10,679 of 13, 386 children, 79.8% had 0 mm induration and are not shown.</p

Study Flow Diagram.

<p>Study Flow Diagram.</p

Prevalence of latent tuberculosis and annual risk of <i>M</i>. <i>tuberculosis</i> infection in Gambian schoolchildren aged 6–11 years using a 12mm cut-off point.

<p>95% Confidence Interval (95%CI)</p><p>^a Denominator, N does not include non-reactive TST</p><p>^b Adjusted for all other terms in the model</p><p>Prevalence of latent tuberculosis and annual risk of <i>M</i>. <i>tuberculosis</i> infection in Gambian schoolchildren aged 6–11 years using a 12mm cut-off point.</p

Frequency distribution of tuberculin induration sizes (mm) among Gambian School Children aged 6–11 years.

<p>Frequency distribution of tuberculin induration sizes (mm) among Gambian School Children aged 6–11 years.</p