Cross-reactivity of CD4⁺ Th17 memory T cell clones in response to oropharyngeal-associated streptococcal strains.

<p>Th17 cells from wells initially reactive to <i>S. mitis</i> 62641 (A) and <i>S. pneumoniae</i> D39 (B) were cloned by limiting dilution and distribution of intra- and interspecies cross-reactivity was determined by thymidine incorporation. Bars represent single re-stimulation of each clone and data are presented as counts per minute (CPM).</p

Subset distribution of CD4⁺ memory T cells in response to oropharyngeal-associated streptococcal bacteria.

<p>Distribution of single donor (circles) (N  =  3–6) and mean (bars) frequencies of CD4⁺ memory T cells among the CCR6⁻ Th1, CCR6⁺ Th1, Th2, Th17 and Th22 subsets reactive to streptococcal antigens. Data are presented as reactive cells per one million cells in the respective subsets. Open bars: <i>S. mitis</i>; closed bars: <i>S. pneumoniae</i>; hatched bars: <i>S. salivarius</i>. 62644: <i>S. mitis</i> CCUG 62644; 62641: <i>S. mitis</i> CCUG 62641; 31611T: <i>S. mitis</i> CCUG 31611T; 31611T Δcps: <i>S. mitis</i> CCUG 31611T capsule deletion mutant; 31611T TIGR4: <i>S. mitis</i> CCUG 31611T mutant with capsule from <i>S. pneumoniae</i> TIGR4; D39: <i>S. pneumoniae</i> D39<i>;</i> Sero 1: clinical isolate of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> serotype 1; TIGR4: <i>S. pneumoniae</i> TIGR4; TIGR4 Δcps: <i>S. pneumoniae</i> TIGR4 capsule deletion mutant; JIM8777: <i>S. salivarius</i> JIM8777.</p

Distribution of antigen-specific memory Th subsets after exposure to streptococcal antigens by autologous monocytes.

<p>Raw data of a T cell library of a representative donor screened for reactivity for a panel of ten streptococci. Antigen-specific activity was quantified as a response in increased T cell proliferation determined by thymidine incorporation. Each graph represents the screening of reactivity of one T cell subset to the pane00l of bacteria and each circle represents one well of the respective subset. The dashed line represents lowest counts per minute (CPM) values included in the analysis.</p

Response of TT-specific Th17 memory cell clones to native antigen in combination with bacterial cells.

<p>Tetanus toxoid (TT)-specific CD4⁺ Th17 memory T cell clones were co-cultured with autologous monocytes and either TT alone or TT and <i>S. mitis</i> 31611T or <i>S. pneumoniae</i> TIGR4 (MOI: 100:1) for 3 d before proliferation was determined by [³H]-thymidine incorporation (A: clone 1, B: clone 2).</p

Streptococcal strains used in this study.

<p>*CCUG: Culture collection, University of Göteborg.</p><p>**NCTC: National cultures of Type Cultures.</p

IL-7R^neg short-term effector _vs IL-7R^pos long-term memory T cells persistance at late time points after primary HCMV infection.

<p>Frequencies of IL-7R^pos T cells in <b>(A-B)</b> total memory and <b>(C-D)</b> HCMV-specific CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ T cells are reported. Data are from HCMV-seronegative subjects (“No infection”, n = 5, only for total memory), patients (both pregnant and non-pregnant) within 1 month (n = 25) or at 6–12 months (n = 18) after primary infection onset, and subjects with remote infection (n = 10). “HCMV-specific” indicates the sum of the single protein-specific T cells. Each symbol represents an individual and column upper limits indicate median values.</p

Frequencies of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells specific for HCMV proteins IE-1, pp65, gHgLpUL128L (pentamer) and gB in the naïve pool of HCMV-seronegative subjects and in the memory pool of subjects with primary or remote HCMV infection.

<p><b>A, B.</b> Frequencies of protein-specific <b>(A)</b> CD4⁺ and <b>(B)</b> CD8⁺ naïve T cells in 6 HCMV-seronegative subjects are reported. Each symbol represents an individual and horizontal black lines indicate median values. <b>C, D.</b> Frequencies of protein-specific <b>(C)</b> CD4⁺ and <b>(D)</b> CD8⁺ memory T cells in 6 patients with primary HCMV infection tested within one month and 6–12 months after infection onset. <b>E, F.</b> Frequencies of protein-specific <b>(E)</b> CD4⁺ and <b>(F)</b> CD8⁺ memory T cells in 7 subjects with remote HCMV infection are reported.</p

Characteristics of the 27 patients with primary HCMV infection.

<p>Characteristics of the 27 patients with primary HCMV infection.</p