Costs and paediatric outcomes from preventing mother to child transmission programmatic interventions for 18 months of prophylaxis and treatment^* (US $ 2010).

*<p>Assumes 663,000 pregnant women, 66,500 HIV-infected pregnant women annually, and 90% (59,850) of those women reached by Option A, B and B+.</p>**<p>Assumes no needed CD4 to start ART under the Malawi Option B+ approach; however, in practice some HIV-infected pregnant women will have access to CD4 testing as part of staging and response to treatment</p>***<p>Background infections if no ARV interventions = 20,681</p

<b>Table 1.</b> ARV regimens for HIV prevention and treatment of mothers and children compared in the analysis - Current Practice 2010, WHO Option A, WHO Option B and Malawi's Option B+.

<p><b>Table 1.</b> ARV regimens for HIV prevention and treatment of mothers and children compared in the analysis - Current Practice 2010, WHO Option A, WHO Option B and Malawi's Option B+.</p

Input parameters and plausible ranges used for sensitivity analysis and relevant references for the Malawi analysis (US $ 2010).

<p>Input parameters and plausible ranges used for sensitivity analysis and relevant references for the Malawi analysis (US $ 2010).</p

Abbreviated decision tree summarizing the analytical approach, policy options and results.

<p>Abbreviated decision tree summarizing the analytical approach, policy options and results.</p

Tornado diagram for the ICER of Option B+, base case is $455 per life year gained shown with the dotted line.

<p>Tornado diagram for the ICER of Option B+, base case is $455 per life year gained shown with the dotted line.</p

Results from sensitivity analyses on input parameters affecting outcomes in HIV-infected mothers; USperlifeyeargained(comparedtothecurrentpractice)andpaediatricoutcomes;US per life year gained (compared to the current practice) and paediatric outcomes; US per DALY averted.

<p>Results from sensitivity analyses on input parameters affecting outcomes in HIV-infected mothers; US$per life year gained (compared to the current practice) and paediatric outcomes; US$ per DALY averted.</p

Cost effectiveness of various strategies for the prevention of new pediatric infections and the treatment of HIV-infected mothers in Malawi.

<p>Current practice represents our base case scenario or the status quo in 2010. The next set of scenarios highlight the cost effectiveness of incrementally expanding program implementation and service delivery coverage, and ranges from PMTCT only to the addition of integrated ART-ANC services for eligible pregnant women, both identified immediately and at a later time. Universal coverage implies the availability of HIV services for mother and children at any point of needing treatment. Option B+ offers ART to pregnant women regardless of CD4 count.</p

Survey interview completion and the results of laboratory HIV testing among youth, 15–24 years old, Ethiopia -based HIV impact assessment 2017–2018.

(a) Frequencies and percent estimates are unweighted. (b) The EPHIA defines a non-defacto participant as a usual household member who did not sleep in the household the night before the survey.</p

Engagement in HIV testing among HIV-negative and unaware HIV-positive youth, 15–24 years old, Ethiopia population-based HIV impact assessment 2017–2018.

Flowchart of youth engagement in HIV testing prior to EPHIA survey participation among HIV-negative and unaware HIV-positive youth, aged 15–24 years. (a) percent estimates are weighted using jackknife survey replicate weights. (b) awareness of HIV status was confirmed via participant self-report of HIV status and HIV antiretroviral metabolite testing.</p

Among youth ages 15–24 (HIV-negative and unaware HIV-positive), multinomial regression of HIV testing by select demographic characteristics, EPHIA 2017–2018.

Among youth ages 15–24 (HIV-negative and unaware HIV-positive), multinomial regression of HIV testing by select demographic characteristics, EPHIA 2017–2018.</p